PALESTINIAN JEWISH ARAMAIC Elements and Patterns from the Exegetic Language Record - From the Notes of Sami Paldanius (2009-2019) - Pronominal Suffixes TYPE I with sg. & f. pl. stems; prepositions (_b-, l-, minn-, ..... 9imm-, k6waath-_) | 1 c. ... | -ii (-y) ... | -an(aa) (-n, -n:) . | | 2 m. ... | -áakh (-k) . | -(6)khón (-kwn) ... | | 2 f. ... | -ikh (-yk) . | -(6)khén (-kyn) ... | | 3 m. ... | -eh (-yh) .. | -(6)hón (-hwn) .... | | 3 f. ... | -ah (-h) ... | -(6)hén (-hyn) .... | In sg. stems like 'father': @vii, @vuukh, @vúuyikh, @vúuhi, @vúuha (@vúuah), @vuunan, @vuu-khón, -khén, @vuu-hón, -hén TYPE II with m. pl. stems; prepositions | 1 c. | -áy, *-áay(i) (-yy, -:y) ... | -aynan (-ynn) ... | | 2 m. | -áakh (-yk, -k) ............ | -aykhón (-ykwn) . | | 2 f. | -áyikh, -aykhi (-y[y]k[y]) . | -aykhén (-ykyn) . | | 3 m. | -ó(o)hii, -ó(o)i (-why, -wy) | -ayhón (-yhwn) .. | | 3 f. | -á(y)haa, -ayh (-yh:, -yh) . | -ayhén (-yhyn) .. | In the formal dialect (Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan), _-áyikh_ can be written simply as "-y-k". _-aykhi_ was written "-y-k-y". A third variant was _-akhii_, "-k-y". (Stevenson § 13.) - #:-b-y-b .... _abbiiv, aaviiv_ (nm abs) spring, season of ripening .... ..... Sok:Judean; Jastrow (voc.) #:-d-b-9-: .... _€dhb69aa (abs €dhba9)_ (nf det) finger .... Jastrow #:-d-r-z-d-: .... _adhrazdaa_ (var. #:-z-r-z-d-: = _azrazdaa_) (adv) ..... diligently (< Pers. *drazdaa) #:-[w-]d-n-: .... _udhnaa, €dhnaa_ (nf det) ear : abs sg _udhan, odh€n_; ..... pl. _udhn-iin, -ee, -ayyaa_ .... Sokoloff; Jastrow #:-w-y-r .... _@weer_ (nm abs) air (< Gr. aéer) .... Rosenthal 1967 #:-w-k-m .... _uukhaam, ukkaam_ (adj abs) black -- in Gal. #:[-y]-k-w-m = ..... _ikkuum, €kkuum_ seemingly takes precedence (CAL) #:-w-l-p-n .... _olpaan [o/u/€] (det -aa)_ (nm abs) instruction, training, ..... education in the Torah, Bible lesson (< root #:-l-p, #y-l-p) : det ..... pl. _-ayyaa_ instructive narratives #:-w-p .... _oof, åf_ and also, even; _oof laa_ not even .... Golomb #:-w-r-H .... _ooraH (det årHaa)_ (nf abs) road, way, path, journey : abs ..... pl. #:[-w]-r-H-n = _årHaan_, det pl. _årHaathaa_ #:-z-l .... _@zal_ (v I-a) he went, has gone; _@záluu_ they went : impf 3sg ..... #y-y-z-y-l = _yeezel, yayzel_ (Od. § 78.); impt _[i(z)]zel!_, fsg ..... _izliin!_, pl. _izluun! = [i/iz]ziiluu!_ (_taa nayzel_ let's go : Od. ..... § 416.); inf _meezel, m€'zol (< *ma'zal-)_ .... cp. Stev. (§ 25.), ..... Jastrow (p. 37) #:-z-r-9-: .... _€zr69aa_ (nf abs) arm, bracchium .... = /#d-r-9[-:]/ #:-H-w-r-y .... _@Hooree (@Hoor-[pn II])_ (prep) behind : cf. /#b-t-r/ ..... Od; Sok - Gal. dynamic var. #l[-:]-w-H-r-y = *_l(6')oHray_ (CAL, Sok) #:-H-y-w-t-: .... _aHyuuthaa_ (nf det) reanimation, resurrection .... syn-s ..... of latter sense : _q6yaamthaa/qayyaamthaa_, _t6Hiyy-6thaa/-uuthaa_ #:-H-r-y-w-t-: .... _aHraayuuthaa_ (nf det) future .... CAL: is.gd/jVASay #:-y-T[-y]-m-w-s .... *_@Tiimoos, €T(Tii)moos_ (adj) ready to proceed (< ..... Gr. hetoîmos) : _@naa qaa'em ~_ I stand ready .... CAL; Jastrow (p. ..... 42); probable native syn. _m69attadh_ (Pa pp), vs. _9@thiidh / 9aath- ..... edh_ as in OTA & Syr. [#1 = _m6Tayyav_] - Od. § 431 translates _9@th- ..... iidh_ as "destined" (Jastrow p. 1129 has "ready, destined; future") #:-y-k-d-y-n .... _eekhdeen_ (adv / int) how; ~ (then)! [d-y-n < Gr?] : cf. ..... /#h-y-k[-y-n]/ .... Golomb; Jastrow (in latter source an exclamatory ..... adverb/particle): Jas. gives also #m-:-y = _maa'-ay / -ee_ (rel.) how #:-y-m-l-: .... _iml-aa_ (nm det) cloak (= Hbr. m69iil) : abs pl. _-iin_ #:-y-n .... 1. _iin_ yes (= _hiin_; voc. _een_ at CAL); 2. = #:-n, _in, €n_ ..... (conj) if : _in teemar_ = assuming that; _in... in_ either... or ..... (Sok.); _h@-Taavaa im biishaa_ whether good or bad (Riggs § 68.) [w/ ..... is.gd/Jz5FKd] .... Golomb: "'if'... more commonly written as #:-n" #:[-y]-n-t-: .... _intaa, €ththaa (Gal. i/€ssaa[1])_ (nf abs) woman, wife ..... : det _int6thaa, €thth6thaa_; suppletive pl. _n6shiin, n6shee, n6sh- ..... ayyaa_ .... [1] https://is.gd/ByYlUZ #:[-y]-p-sh-r .... _ifshaar, €fshaar_ (adv) it is possible (impers. for 'to ..... be able, can'); perhaps, maybe #:-y-t[-y] .... _iith_, (Jud.) _iithay_ there is (neg. _leeth-/layth-_*) : ..... _iith b-[pn I]_ (modal eq) to be able, can (+ ap); _iith l-[pn I]_ to ..... have (past _h@waa lii_ +n) : _haa ... iithay laakh?_ dost thou have ..... (possess) ...? (Qumran; Fitzmyer 1971-79) -- Cook 2008 has shorter ..... _iith_ for the dialect of Targum Onkelos .... * with affixed pronouns ..... in Odeberg § 4 (meaning 'to not be') : _lee-naa, [1pl] -nan, [3pl m] ..... -nuun_ #:-k-z-r-y .... see /#n-k-z-r-y/ #:-k-l .... _@khal_ (v I-a) he ate, has eaten, _@kháluu_ they ate : impf ..... _y€€khol, ?yaykhol_ (Od. § 78.); impt msg _@khol, iikhal/€khal_, fsg ..... _i/€/okhliin_ (: Od.); inf _m€€khal, m€€khól_ (< *ma'kal-); _maahuu ..... m€€kh6linneh?_ (inf + obj) Can one eat it? ('How's it to eat it?') #:-l-h-n .... _illaahen_ (conj) except, only; but (instead) ... Sok. 2002 #:-l-y-n .... these. *_illeen l6-'illeen_ (id) [to] each other .... Golomb #:-m-r .... _@mar_ (v I-a) he said, _@máruu_ they said; impf _y€€mar, ?yay- ..... mór_ (cf. Od. § 78.); ap _aamar_; impt msg _@mor, iimar/€már / (w6-) ..... mar_, fsg _i/€mr-iin_, pl _-uun_; inf _m€€mar, m€€mór (< *ma'mar-)_ : ..... _k6maa dh6-theemar_ as you might say .... Odeberg; Stev; refl/pass in ..... _ithth6mar lii_ = I have been told (Qumr., written without the Aleph) #:-n (= #h-n) .... _aan_ (int adv) where? (Sok. 1990, Odeberg) : _l6-'aan, ..... l6-haan_ whither? where to? ; #m-n :-n > pratique _m6naan, *minnaan_ ..... from where? : cf. /#h-y-k-:/ #:-s-h-d-w .... _as'haadhuu_ (det -thaa)_ (nf abs) eye-witness account #:-s-w (rare #:-y-s-w) .... _aasuu, (*:@- >) esuu ~ ?essoo_ (nf abs) cure, ..... healing, remedy : abs pl. _aswaan [a-/e-]_ .... Cook 2008; Jastrow #:-s-p-r-n-: .... _åspárnaa_ (adv) quickly, diligently (in OTA this item ..... meant 'exactly') .... Jastrow #:-s-r .... #:-s-y-r = _@siir_ (pp/Pe´iil) [it is] forbidden .... Odeberg; ..... noun eq-nt (prohibited action or object) #-y-s-w-r = _issuur_ (CAL) #:-p .... _aaf, åf_ (adv) also; _af 9al gav d-_ (conj/id) despite the fact ..... that, even if .... Odeberg; Golomb; CAL #:-p-y-l-w .... _@filluu_ (conj) even, including (Rosenthal); even if, ..... although, even (Jastrow) #:-p-r-s-n .... _aafarsaan_ (nm abs) plot [to ambush]; pact, agreement, ..... council .... only attested in Syriac, with #2 emph/det #:wprsn: #:-p-r-sh .... _afrash, +l6-_ (adv) for an indefinite time, indefinitely #:-r-w-m .... _@ruum_ (conj) because : cf. /#b-g-y-n/; /#b-d-y-l d-y/; ..... /#h-w-:-y-l/; /#H-l-p/; /#g-w[-:]/ .... Fassberg 1984; Golomb; ..... Jastrow; see also Cook 1986 p. 159 #:-r-H .... _aar-aH/*-eaH (det aarHaa)_ (nm abs) guest, traveller .... CAL; ..... Jastrow; a Syriac attestation for "guest" is _m6zamman_ (Pa pp) #:-r-y-k .... _@riikh, arriikh (*aarekh?)_ (adj abs) long .... Sokoloff; ..... Jastrow (voc. #1; Syr. arriikh-aa) #:-r-y-k-w .... _@riikhuu, arriikhuu_ (det -thaa) (nf abs) length .... = ..... nm abs #:-r-k [*_@rekh_] in Sok:Judean (cf. OTA det _arkhaa_) -- det ..... glossed in Jas. p. 121 as "duration, term, extension (of time)" #:-sh-k-H .... _ashkaH_ he found, discovered; _ashk6Huun_ they found (OTA: ..... impf _y6hashk[?é]aH_, impt mpl. _hashkaHuu_ [Stevenson]); pass ..... _ishtakkaH; isht6kh[?é]aH_ he was found (Jastrow) #[:-]sh-t-y .... _ishtii, sh6thii_ he drank : 3pl _sh6thoon, (formal) ..... sh6thii'uu_ (Stev.); impf _yishtee, y€shtee_; impt 2sg _sh6thii!_ (pl ..... _ishto[o]n, sh6tho[o]n!_); inf _misht-ee, -ay (det misht6yaa)_ = ..... nm (cf. Syr.) ..... in Stev. § 10.14. : see also /#m-sh-t-y-t-:/ #:-t-: .... _@thaa_ (v) he came; (+ l6-inf) he was about to do st; perf 3pl ..... _@thoon_, 1sg #:-t-y-t = *_@tháyith_ or *_athyeth_, 1pl _@theenan_ ..... (Od. § 161.) : impf 3sg _y€'thee_, 3pl _y€'thoon_; ap _aathee_ (mpl. ..... _aatháyin_); inf* _m€'th-aa ~ ma(th)th-ee (det -6yaa)_; Aph _eethii, ..... aythii, h-_ he brought : impf Gal. _yaythee_ (= Stev.); ap _m(6')ay- ..... thee, m6haythee_; impt #:-y-y-t[-y], #:-y-t-: = *_ayth(-ii), -ee!_; ..... inf _maythaayaa_ [ap (?) in #d h-w-: m-y-y-t-y "that he would bring" ..... (CAL)] .... * cp. OTA #m-t-: (inf cstr) #:-t-m-h-h/*: .... _€thm6haa, €thmaahaa_ (nm det/nf abs) question : abs pl. ..... #:-t-m-h-w-n [= *_€thm6haawaan_ or *_€th'måhwaan_] .... CAL, Caruso #:-t-m-l .... _ethmaal, €thmaal_ (adv) yesterday .... (cntr. _itt6maal_ in ..... Jastrow, "Dictionary" p. 61) #:-t-r .... _@thar (det *athraa)_ (nm abs) place, location : _@thar d6-att ..... b6-ghawweh_ the place (with)in which thou art (Gen. 3:9); _Hadh ..... @thar_, _bi-flaan @thar_ (adv) somewhere; _b6-khål athraa dh-_ ..... where(ever) #b[-:]-p-r-y-9, #b-:-p-9 .... _bafriia9, baffiia9_ (adv) quickly (Sok.) -- ..... Gal. syn. #b-p-w-r-y (CAL Database) #b-:-sh-w-n .... _b6-€shuun [vs. *-aashoon]_ (prep) during .... Sokoloff, ..... CAL : voc. #1 by Seppälä et al. #b-b-9-w .... _b6vaa9uu_ (intj) please! (< #b-9-:) : _b. minn-aakh, ..... -6khon_ if it pleases you .... Sokoloff #b-g-w .... _b6ghoo, b6gha(a)w ([b6+]gaww-[pn I])_ (prep) inside, in, in ..... the midst of .... Odeberg; Golomb -- cf. l-g-w, l-g-: [*_l6-ghoo_] ..... 'towards' (Sok:Judean) #b-g-y-n .... _b6gháyin / b6ghe(e)n d-_ 1. (conj) because, since, in order ..... that, so that (+ d6- + impf, 'would'); 2. (prep) because of : cp. ..... /:-r-w-m/; /#b-d-y-l d-y/; /h-w-:-y-l/; /#H-l-p/ .... Fassberg 1984 ..... (p. 295); Sok:Judean; also cp. Qumr. #b-d-y = *_b6dhii_ 'since, ..... because' (Fitzmyer) #b-g-l-l .... see /#g-l-l/ #b-d-y-l d-y .... _b6dhiil d6- (di-)_ (conj) because : cf. /#:-r-w-m/; ..... /#b-g-y-n/; /h-w-:-y-l/; /#H-l-p/ .... Sok:Judean -- Lambdin (An ..... Introduction to the Aramaic of Targum Onqelos, p. 55) gives _b6dhiil ..... d-_ the sense "in order to, so that" (+impf) #b-d-y-n .... *_b6-dheen, -dhayn_ (adv) now : cf. /#h-sh-t-:/, /#k-d-w-n/ ..... Fitzmyer&Harrington #b-w-S-y-n-: .... _booSiinaa, bawSiinaa_ (nm det) lamp, candle #b-H-r .... to choose. _b6Har_ (v) he chose, selected, picked : impf ..... *_yi/€vHar_; pass #:[-y]-t-b-H-r = *_ithb6Har_ it has been chosen #b-y-d .... _b6-yadh_ (c/ _yadh_ 'hand') (prep) by means of; in possession ..... of .... [as instrumental prep. = Targ./Gal. #9-l y-d-y] #b-y-n[-y] .... _been, baynee (bayn-[pn II])_ (prep) between, among; ..... _been/b6-yan[1].. been/b6-yan.._ (conj) both.. and.. | [1] < #y-n-n #b-y-r-: .... _be(e)raa, bayraa (abs beer)_ (nf det) well, watersource; pit ..... : abs pl. _beer-6waan, -aawaan_ (Sokoloff), _beeriin_ (Jastrow) #b-y-r-y-:/h .... _biry-aa, b€r-yaa (det b6riithaa)_ (nf abs) creature, ..... person (CAL) : det pl. _biryaathaa_ = "(the) people" (Od. § 398.) is ..... a syn. of _(€)naash-ee, -ay(ya)_, both of which can be used with a ..... 3pl verb to translate English impersonal 'one' phrases (Od. § 29.) #b-y-sh .... _biish_ (adj abs) bad, wicked, evil : _tarbuuth biishaa_ ..... manner(s) [way(s)] of wickedness (Odeberg) #b-l-: .... _b6laa_ (prep) without #b-l-sh .... _b6lash_ = Pa _ballesh_ he searched, examined, went through ..... Cook 2008; Jastrow #b-n-: .... _b6naa_ (v III-weak) he built : impf _yivnee, y€vnee_ (1sg ..... _ivnee, €vnee_); ap _baanee_ (mpl _baanáyin_); impt msg _b6nii!_ ..... (Stev.), fsg _b6nai!_ (Stev. & Od.); inf _mivnee, m€vnee_ [ee/€€] #b-s-r-n-w-t-: .... _basraanuuthaa_ (nf det) contempt .... Jastrow #b-9-: .... _b69aa_ (v III-weak) he bade, bid; he wanted; he was about to ..... [do st] : impf _yiv9ee, y€v9ee_; note id. _maa this'al?_ (Od.) for ..... _maa att baa9ee?_ (Sok.) What do you want? .... compare /#r-9-y/ #b-q-y .... _b6qee (baaqii?)_ (adj/nm abs) expert (_b-_ in).... Sok. 2002 #b-r[-:] .... _baar, báaraa_ (adv) outdoors, outside .... Dalman #b-r-y .... _baar-ee (det -yaa)_ (nm abs) creator .... CAL (Gal/Sam/Syr.) #b-r-k .... #b-r-y-k = _b6riikh_ (pp) blessed .... Odeberg #b-t-r .... _baathar_ 1. (prep) after; behind (CAL: in Gal. with /l-/) : ..... _[l6-]baathr-eh_ behind him (Stev. § 36.12.); 2. (conj) after = ..... once (CAL); _l6-vaathr-[pn I]_ (adv) backwards (Golomb; Syr #lbtr:) #b-t-r-:[-y] .... *_bathr-ay, -ee_ (adj abs) last, latest (det masc. ..... #b-t-r-:) .... Jastrow #g-b .... _gav (gabb-[pn II or I])_ (together) with, next to; towards; at ..... the place or presence of, in or around sb's territory : _gabb6khon_ ..... 'among you, in your country' #g-b-w-l .... _gaavool (det -aa)_ (nm abs) creator, fashioner .... Sok; CAL #g-b-y-l-:/h .... _g6viil-aa (det -thaa)_ (nf abs) creation .... Sokoloff #g-b-r .... _g6var/g€v€r/govar (det guvraa)_ (nm abs) man[1] : abs pl. ..... _guvriin_ [presumably, in Gal. short /u/ > /o/ (Kutscher)] #g-w[-:] .... _goo (gaww-[pn I])_ = _b6-ghoo_ (prep) in, i.e., inside, ..... within; in the midst of, among : _min goo, mig-goo, *-gaaw_ because, ..... in consequence of, the reason being .... Odeberg; Jastrow; Seppälä #g-w-b .... answer, reply. Aph #:-g-y-b = _@gh-eev/-iiv_ he replied (Gal.); ..... synonymous Aph #:-t-y-b = _@theev_ (Jas. pp. 1649-50) used by Caruso ..... : _waa-/uu-y6thiiv-inneh!_ let him reply to him! (Sok. 2002/JPA) #g-w-l-g[-w]-l-:/h .... *_gulguulaa, gulgollaa, gulg6laa_ (nf abs) skull, ..... head (seen as a countable item) .... Jastrow, Jennings &al. voc. the ..... det as _guulgaltaa_ #g-w[-w]-n .... _g€w€n, g6waan_ (nm abs) colour, hue; manner, kind #g-y-w-r .... _giyyoor (det -aa)_ (nm abs) stranger, alien; proselyte : abs ..... pl. _-iin_ .... Golomb; Jastrow #g-l-b .... _gallaav_ (nm abs) knife .... Odeberg #g-l-g-l .... _galgel_ (v Palp) he rolled, tossed about (tr); he tolerated, ..... has put up with (+ _9im_) : pass (refl) _ithgalgel/iggalgel_ .... CAL #g-l-l .... #b+g-l-l = _bighlál, b€ghlál_ (conj) because; in order to (+ ..... l-inf; Sokoloff); _[min] bi-ghlál_ (prep) because of; _bi-ghlál maa_ ..... (int) why? (Golomb : "the preferred expression for 'why' [?in the ..... Targum Neofiti] is the composite " [p. 58, next to ..... which see Stev. § 6.3.]) : cf. /#l-m-h/ #g-n-b .... _g6nav_ he stole : Judean dial. (with pp abs pl. masc.) ..... _hithshakkuu ghniiviin_ they turned out [to be] stolen (Sok. 2003) #g-sh-m .... _g6sham/g€sh€m/gosh€m (det gushmaa)_ (nm abs) [living] body; ..... solid substance; abstract body #d[-:]-r < #d-w-r .... _daar_ (v II-weak) he dwelt, had an inhabitance, ..... 'lived' : impf _y6dhuur_; ap _daa'er, daayer_ (cntr. the proper nm ..... _daayoor/dayyaar_ 'inhabitant'); inf Gal. _m6dhoor/maydhoor/m€€dhoor_ ..... = al. _m6dhaar_ #d-g-w-r-: .... _d6ghooraa_ (nm det) heap, pile, mound .... Jastrow #d-h-: .... *_d6haa, ?d6hee_ (conj) for, since, because .... CAL; Jastrow ..... (p. 327, with the side-sense "of course, as we know") -- semantically ..... overlaps #d-w = _duu (< d6huu)_ since (he), for (he); who/which (m.) ..... is : ext. _b6gh-iin/-ayn duu_ because he #d-w-g-m-: .... _doghmaa, dughmaa_ (nf abs) manner, nature (Gal.) .... CAL #d[-w]-k-r-n .... _dukhraan_ (det -aa)_ (nm abs) remembrance, record .... ..... Sok. 2002/JPA #d-H[-y]-l .... _d6Hel_ he feared; he revered, worshipped : impf _yidhHal, ..... y€dhHol_; Ithpe _idd6Hi(i)l, *edd6Hi(i)l [+min]_ he was afraid [of] #d-H-l-: .... _daHlaa (det daHaltaa)_ (nf abs) 1. fear (= abs _d6Hiilaa_); ..... 2. deity, idol (Jastrow; Golomb) #d-H-p .... _d6Haf_ (v perf) he pushed, thrusted; (pp/Pe´iil also) [it is] ..... hastened (hasty), rushed : impf _yidhHaf, y€dhHof_ .... cp. /#h-d-p/ #d-y-w-q-:/h .... _d6yuuqaa/diyyuuqaa_ (nm det) inference, deduction, ..... argument, implied opinion .... voc. #1 is from Jastrow #d[-y]-l-m-:/h .... _dilmaa, d€lmaa_ (adv) perhaps, maybe .... Sok. 2002 #d[-y]-l-p-:/h .... _dilpaa, d€lpaa_ (nm det) rain, dripping, roof-leak #d-y-n .... _deen, dayn_ (ind dem pn) this (m = _d6naa_) : _yoomaa/yawmaa ..... dhe(e)n_ (adv) today; _deen 9im deen_ with each other .... Stevenson; ..... Odeberg; Sokoloff #d-y-y-q .... _daayeq / dayyiiq_ (adj abs) careful .... Kutscher; voc. #1 < ..... Jastrow (p. 287) #d-k-w[-w]-t .... _dikhwaath [+pn I]_ (prep) like, similar to, same way as ..... Sok. 2002/JPA; CAL; Jastrow (p. 306) || cp. #/k-w-w-t/; /#k-m-y-n/ #d-k-w-t-: .... _d6khuuthaa_ (nf det) ritual purity, levitical cleanness #d-k-y .... 1. = #d-k-: (v perf) he was clean, pure (relig.); 2. _d6khee_ ..... (pp), _daakhee_ (ap) [it is] clean, ritually pure (pp det m/abs f ..... _dakhyaa_, det f _daakhiithaa_) #d-k-k .... #d-k-y-k = _dakkekh_ (v Pa) he crushed, has crushed; pass Ithpa ..... _ithdakkekh, *eddakkekh_ it has been crushed .... Jastrow #d-k-r .... #d-k-y-r = _d6khiir_ (pp/Pe´iil) remembered; [being] reminded ..... of, it is remembered; #:-d-k-r-w = _idhkaaruu_ (nf abs) remembrance ..... (Jastrow) = Jud. #:-d-k-r-h = _adhkaaraa (det adhkarthaa)_ (Sok 2003) #d-l-m-: .... _dilmáa dh-_ (adv) perhaps .... Golomb; Sokoloff #d-m-:/y .... to resemble. #d-m-w = _d6muu, d6moo_ (nf abs) image (det pl. ..... *_dimwaathaa, damwaathaa_) : _bi-dhmuuth_ in the guise of (Sokoloff ..... 2002/JPA); Ithpe _ithd6mii_ he was sim. to another, compared [h-s] ..... with the other; [+ /l-, b-/] he imitated, appeared as : ap ..... *_mithd6m-ee_, abs pl. *_-áyin_ (per Od. § 150.) #d-m-k-: .... _damkhaa, dimkhaa_ (nm det) sleep; place to rest in (Jastrow) #d[-w]-n-b-:/h .... _danvaa, dunvaa_ (nm det) tail : abs pl. _danviin_ ..... (Stev. § 10.1.) .... Syr. has the char-ic adj _d6nuuvaay_ "of the ~" #d-9-t-: .... _da9taa (abs da9ath*)_ (nm/f det) mind, consciousness; ..... opinion .... (* abs = cstr : Odeberg § 243.) #d-p-: .... _dappaa (abs daf)_ (nm det) board, plank : abs pl. _dappiin_ #d-r-w-m .... _daaroom_ (nm abs) south, southern region .... Sokoloff #d-r-9[-:] .... _d6ra(a)9, d6raa9-aa_ (*nf) arm : det pl. _-ayyaa_ .... = ..... /#:-z-r-9-:/ #h-: .... _haa_ a clause-beginning particle for forming questions = /#m-:/ #h-d-p .... _h@daph_ (v) he thrusted, pushed : impf _y€hdoph_ .... Jastrow #h-w-: .... _h@waa_ (v III-weak) he was, _h@woon_ they were : impf _yihwee, ..... y€hwee, y6hee_, 3pl _yihwoon, y6hoon_; impt _h@wii! / h@wái! / h@w- ..... oo(n)!_ (Odeberg); inf _mihwee, m€hwee_; _h@waa_ + ap = past progr or ..... narrative (Od. § 433; alt-ly with pp, § 446.); _X h@waa leh_ X had, ..... did own (sth) (Od.); _t6hee vaakh, *t6hoon v6khon_ (id) be sincere! ..... [Ad Notam: the msg active participle is frequently written #h-w-w-y] #h-w-:-y-l .... _hoo'iil, haw'iil [w-/d-]_ (conj) since, for, because .... ..... Sokoloff, Jastrow (voc. #1); cp. /#H-l-p/; /#m-k-y-w-n/ #h[-y]-k .... _heekh, *haykh_ 1. (prep) like, as if; 2. (conj) as if, as; ..... 3. (int) see /#h-y-k[-y-n]/ below : _haykh maa_ just as/like (CAL) #h-y-k-:/n .... _heekhaa, -n_ (int, rel adv) where? (in the place) where : ..... _meheekhaan_ where from? : cf. /#:-n/ .... Odeberg; Jastrow #h-y-k[-y-n] .... _heekh (*haykh), -een_ (int) how? ; (adv) as : cf. ..... /#:-y-k-d-y-n/ .... Caruso has Gal. _haakh_, rel. _l6-haakh_ 'how' #h[-y]-m-w-n, #h-m-w .... _hi-, h€-mmoo(n)_ (ind pn) they .... Sok:Judean #h-y-m-n .... to believe; _haymen, heemen_ he believed (see Stev. §§ 16.4., ..... 25.6.) : impf _y6haymen_; inf _m6haymaanaa_ (Od. § 82.); _heemaanuu ..... (det -thaa)_ (nf abs) belief, faith (Golomb) #[h-]k-: .... _haakhaa, kaa_ (adv) here, -in : cf. /#t-n-h/:/ #h-k-d-y-n .... _hakk6dhayn/hVkhdayn_ (adv) in this way (CAL) = next entry #h-k[-y]-n .... _haakhen_ (adv) (like) so, in this manner = _aakhen_ #h-l .... #l-h-l = _l6hal_ (adv) 1. there, -in (= _[l6]hallaan_); 2. at ..... that (future) time .... Odeberg (cp. Jastrow, "Dictionary" pp. 354, ..... 693) #h-n .... _haan_ (int) where, -in? : a dialectal variant of /#:-n/ (q.v.); ..... _l6-haan_ where to? whither? (Odeberg qq. 'why?') #h-n-:/y .... _h@naa_ (v III-weak) he pleased : impf _yihnee, y€hnee_; ap ..... _haanee_; inf _mihnee, m€hnee_ [ee/€€] #h-sh-t-: .... _hashtaa_ (adv) now (Gal.) : cf. /#b-d-y-n/; /#k-d-w-n/ .... ..... Sokoloff; Odeberg; CAL; Jastrow; = #k-d-w[-n] = _kadduu(n)_ #w .... _w-, wi-_ (conj) and; as for #w[-w]-9-d .... *_w€9€dh, w69adh, waa9€dh_ (nm abs) meeting, assembly .... ..... Sokoloff (Syr. _wa9d-aa_); cp. Jastrow, "Dictionary" pp. 374-5 #-w-n .... _-oon (det -oonaa)_ (diminutive suffix m abs), e.g. in _kursoon_ ..... little chair #z-b-n .... _z6ven, z6van_ (v perf) he bought : impf _yizben, y€zbon_ ..... (Jastrow offers the 1sg _izbu[u]n_); impt _z6von!_ (#z-b-w-n; Sok.), ..... fsg _z6vónii/zovniin!_; Pa _zabben_ he sold; Ithpa _(h)izdabban, *ez- ..... dabban_ he/it was sold #z-h-r, #z-h-y-r .... _z6har, z6her_ (v) 1) he/it did shine; 2) it bloomed; ..... #:[-y]-z-d-h-r = *_izd6har, ezd6har_ (Ithpe) he was careful : impf. ..... 3 pl. #y[-z]-d-h-r-w-n (< Sok:Judean; cf. Jastrow p. 382) #z[-y]-h-r-: .... _zihraa, z€hraa (abs z6har, zíhar*)_ (nm det) moon .... ..... (* abs = cstr : Odeberg § 243.) #z-y-w .... _ziiw (det -aa)_ (nm abs) countenance, appearance, feature, ..... true guise; splendour, fair state, bloom #z-y[-y]-w-n-: .... _ziyyuunaa_ (nm det) food, alimentation, meal #z-y-y-n .... _zayyen_ (v Pa) he gave (material) support; he equipped, ..... armed; he decorated : inf _m6zayyaanaa/zayyoon€€_ .... Jastrow (p. ..... 387); Rosenthal 1967 #z-y-y-n-:/h .... _z6yaanaa, zayy6naa_ (nm det) 1. weapon, ornament; 2. ..... (z6-) restriction, loss .... Jastrow (Sokoloff: _zayy6naa_, abs ..... #z-y-y-n = _z6yaan / záyin / zuyyaan_ : cp. Stevenson, § 10.) #z-y-n-:/h .... _zeen-aa, zayn-aa / ?zinn-aa_ (nm det) weapon : abs pl. ..... _-iin, z6yaaniin_ (stem of /#z-y-y-n-:/ above) .... Jastrow (p. 395) #z-k-y = *z-k-:/h .... 1. _z6khaa, z6kh€€_ (v III-weak) he was innocent; ..... he acquired; he was generous, gave alms (to = _9im_) : impf _yizkee, ..... y€zkee_ (1sg _izkee, €zkee_); 2. (= #z-k-:-y) _zakk-ay (det -aayaa)_ ..... (adj abs) innocent (Jastrow: abs pl. _-aa'iin_); _zakkiikhuu_ (nf ..... abs) clarity (Sokoloff; voc. per the adj in Jastrow) #z-l-y-l .... _z6liil / zalliil_ (adj abs) cheap, inexpensive (Sokoloff); ..... valueless; light, easy (Jastrow) #z-m-n .... _z6man, *zíman[1] (det zimnaa)_ (nm abs) set time, instance, ..... turn; _zimniin_ (adv) sometimes; _Hadh z6man_ = _zimnaa H@dhaa_ ..... (adv) once, une fois; _t6ren zimniin_ twice .... [1] cf. Od. § 243. | ..... #z-m-n-:/h may also mean "assembly" or (as Mand. nf abs) "summoning" #z-n-y-: .... _zånyaa, *zannaayaa_ (det z6niithaa, *zåny6thaa)_ (nf abs) ..... prostitute, whore : det pl. _zånyaathaa_ .... Cook 2008; Jastrow #z-r-9-y .... _zar9ii (det -thaa)_ (nf abs) larger family, progeny, "race" #H-b-b .... to love. _Habbev_ (v Pa) he loved : impf 3sg _y6Habbev_; inf ..... *_[m6]Habbaavaa, Habbaavuu[2]_ .... Rosenthal 1967 #H-b-r .... _Habbaar (det -aa)_ (nm abs) sorcerer = /#H-r-sh/ .... Odeberg #H-b-r-: .... _Havraa_ (nm det) friend = neighbour, fellow-being : cstr pl. ..... _Havree_ .... Jastrow; in Gal. also written with 9 pro H (Kutscher) #H-b-w-sh-: .... _H@vuushaa_ (nm det) imprisonment, being imprisoned #H-b-sh .... _H6vash_ (v) he imprisoned, chained, has incarcerated; pass ..... Ithpa _ithHabbesh, *h-_ #H-g-:/h .... _Haggaa (abs *Haagh)_ (nm det) feast, merry-making, festival #H-d .... one. _H@dhaa_ (num m det/f abs) one; _Hadh... w6-Hadh_ one [is ..... X]... and the other [is Y] (Jastrow); _Hadh bar naash, -aa_ someone; ..... _Hadh l6-Hadh_ each other, one another (Sok.); _bilHoodh_ (adv) only, ..... just; _l6-vilHoodh_ (adv) alone, by one's self; _laHdhaa_ very ..... (much), too much (Golomb; Jastrow) : cf. /#y-t-y-r/ #H-d-d .... [attested w/o Yod] _Haddedh_ (v Pa) he sharpened, whetted : pp ..... _m6Haddadh_ = having quick wit, well-versed, ready to answer back #H-d-w[-w]-:/h .... _H€dhwaa (abs Hedhuu)_ (nf det) joy; enigma, allegory; ..... (excl of joy) ah! aha! (Jastrow) #H-w-r-y-n .... _Hoo-, Haw-rii(n)_ (adj abs) other, another .... Odeberg ..... (Caruso: abs pl. masc. _Hooriiniin_) #H-z-: .... _H@zaa_ (v) he visited, went to see (Gal.); Aph #:-H-z-y = ..... _aHzii_ he showed (to sb : acc. suff. or _l-_) (Qumr, Sam = Gal. Pe ..... Hammee, Aph aHmii : vnf aHmaayuu-thaa); Ithpe _ithH@z-ii/-ay_ he was ..... seen; he appeared in a vision/dream (l- 'to') (Gal.) .... CAL #H-z-r .... _H@zar_ (v) he did again (= Sp. volver); he returned, came back #H-y-b-:/h .... _Hibb-aa (det -6thaa)_ (nf abs) love (= Gal.) #H-y[-y]-l-:/h .... _Haylaa (abs Háyil, Heel)_ (nm det) power, strength ..... (not of flesh) : _layth b6-Haylii, layth bii Haylaa_ st is not in my ..... power, I am unable, I cannot (Odeberg § 390.) #H-y-w-t-: .... _Heewthaa, Heewtaa (abs Heewaa)_ (nf det) animal, beast #H-k-y-m .... _Hakkiim/Haakhem_ (adj abs) wise : _Hakkiim l6-maydhaan_ wise ..... in giving judgement (Od.); _Hakkiim 9@vádhuu yaathaakh_ they shall ..... make you (msg.) a sage (CAL) #H-k-y-m-w .... _H@khiimuu, Hakkiimuu_ (nf abs) skill .... Cook 2008 #H-k-m .... _H@kham_ (v) he was wise (shrewd, learned); (tr) he recognized, ..... identified, has been familiar with : impf _y€Hk-am, -om_; Pa _Hakkem_ ..... he made sb wise (i.e. taught); he outwitted; Ithpa _[*h]ithHakkem ~ ..... *ethHakkem_ he became wise; he was informed, aware; he got recognized #H-l-: .... 1. _Haalaa (abs Haal)_ (nm det) sand (Golomb); 2. = #H-y-l-: = ..... _Hillaa_ (nm det) valley (Rosenthal 1967) = _Heelaa_ (Jastrow p. 456) #H-l-w-m .... _Haaloom (det -aa)_ (nm abs) dreamer .... Sok. 2002/JPA #H-l-m-: .... _H€lmaa (abs Hel€m)_ (nm det) dream (at night) .... Stevenson ..... = Jastrow (det) #H-l-p, #H-w-l-p .... _H@laaf, Hoolaf (H@laaf-[pn II])_ (prep) instead of, ..... in place of; _H@laaf/Hólaf d-_ (conj) since, because; #H-y-l-w-p-y = ..... _Hilluuf-ee, -ay_ (prep) in exchange of [< Jastrow; cp. with ..... http://is.gd/k1yUnl ] .... Odeberg; Jastrow (p. 472); Caruso (Waw) #H-m-: .... _H@maa_ (v III-weak) he saw, has seen : impf _yiHmee, y€hmee_; ..... ap _Haamee_; inf _miHmee, m€Hmee_; Pa _Hammii_ he showed, gave to see ..... : ap _m6Hamm-ee, -ay_; _iith baakh m6Hammee/*m6Hammaayaa lah lii?_ ..... can you show it to me? (Od.); _taa H(@)mii!_ come and see! (Od.) .... ..... _Haamee-('@)naa leh_ 'I see him' (Golomb p. 210) -- see also /#H-z-:/ #H-n-w-t-:/h .... _Haanuuthaa, H@nuuthaa (abs Haanuu/H€nwaa)_ (nf det) ..... shop, market tent, tavern : det pl. _H€nwaathaa (CAL: Haanwaathaa)_ #H-n-p-y-n .... *_H€npiin, H€nphiin_ (nm abs pl) deceitfulness, hypocrisy, ..... dishonesty, flattery; adv _b6-H._ deceitfully .... CAL; for a similar ..... 'pl-tantum' abstract noun (of the Gal. dialect), see under /#H-r-sh/ #H-s-y-d .... _H@siidh (det -aa)_ (adj abs) righteous, pious, meek, ..... conscientious : _guvraa Hsiidhaa haadhayn_ this righteous man -- ..... illustrating how "the normal position [of the demonstrative ..... adjective] is postnominal, after all other adjectives" (Golomb) #H-r-b .... _H€r€v, H@rev (det Harbaa)_ (nf abs) sword .... Sok:Judean; ..... Rosenthal 1967 (Jastrow gives abs _Haar€v_; the first voc. here is ..... per Stevenson § 10.) #H-r-w, #H-r-w-t .... _Heeruu (cstr Heeruuth)_ (nf abs) freedom, liberty ..... Sok:Judean (per Jastrow, #H-y-r-w-t-:) #H-r-k-: .... _H@rakkaa_ (nm det) window, opening : pl. _H@rakk-iin, -ee, ..... -ayyaa_ : cf. /#k-w-w-h/:/ .... Jastrow; Golomb; Sokoloff #H-r-sh .... _Harraash (det -aa)_ (nm abs) sorcerer; _H€rshiin_ (nm pl) ..... sorcery (for BabAram./Syr. _Harraashuuthaa_, nf) .... Sokoloff #H-sh-k-: .... _Hoshkaa, H€shkaa_ (nm det) darkness .... CAL; Jastrow; note ..... also *_H€shk-iin (-ayya:)_, a Galilean-like plurale tantum in Mandaic #T-b .... _Taav (det -aa)_ (adj abs) good; = #T-:-b = *_T[6']ev_ (v) he was ..... good [= OTA/Rosenthal § 125]; Aph #:-T-y-b (Jas. p. 515) = _aaTev [or ..... *_aTye/av_ pro #:-T-:-b]_ he has done good, he has benefited sb* (pp ..... *_maT[']-av ~ -aav_ : cp. with Aphel of Gem & I-n verbs; tamq. Od. § ..... 140.); _Taavaa'uuth, Taavuuth, Taav, -iith_ (adv) well, properly -- ..... Gal. qq. _yaa'uuth_ (CAL; voc. < Jas.) .... * see also /#y-T-b/ (for ..... a synonym resembling the suppletion _ooshel_ for _ash'el_, Jastrow p. ..... 1507) #T-w-b-n .... _Tuuvaan_ (adv) much; more, further; anymore #T-w-b-9-n-: .... _Toov-, Taw-9aanaa_ (nm det) flood (= _shaaToophaa_) #T-w-r-: .... _Tuuraa, Tawraa_ (nm det) mountain : /aw/ = Gal. [Kutscher] #T[-y]-b-9-: .... _Tiv9aa_ (nm det) shipwreck (= Syr. nuwwaaghaa) .... Jas. #T-y-k-y .... _Tikh-ee/-ii_ (nf abs) fortune, luck (< Gr. túkhee) .... Sok. ..... 2002/JPA; CAL ['Gal.'] #T-y-p-h .... _Tipp-aa, Tepp-aa (det -6thaa)_ (nf abs) drop, -let : abs pl. ..... _-iin_ .... Sok. 2002/JPA; CAL #T-l .... _To(o)l/Taal (det Tullaa/Tållaa)_ (nm abs) shadow, shade #T-l-9[1] .... *#:-T-l-y-9 = _aTle(a)9_ (v Aph) he limped, walked inclined ..... : ap *_maTl-e(a)9, -ii(a)9_; inf *_maTlaa9aa_, *_aTlaa9-aa, -uuth-_; ..... Ithpe #:-y-T-l-9 = _iTT6l[e]a9_ he became lame (Jas.) .... Cook 2008 ..... || [1] verb appears in Genesis Targum (ch. 32) in the form #m-T-l-9 ..... -- Sokoloff reads this as a Pael participle [ap vs. pp!], not Aphel #T-9-w-n .... _Taa9-oon, ?-awn_ (nm abs) one who carries, bearer .... Sok. #T-9-n .... #T-9-y-n = _T69iin_ (pp) carrying, loaded [with] (+ n) : < perf ..... _T69en_ (likewise reg. w/ Yod) 'he carried, bore, suffered' (Jastrow, ..... where also Aphel _aT9en_ 'he carried') .... synonymous tr. verb stems ..... #s-b-r (> Po soover/inf m6soovaar), #s-b-l (Gal., Qumr. - Syr. nom ag ..... _sabbaal_), #T-l-T-l (Palp), #:-w-b-l (Aph, < #y-b-l) #y-:-w-t .... _yaa'uuth_ (adv) properly .... CAL; Odeberg (§ 302.) #y-d .... _yadh (det y6dhaa/y6dh-)_ (nf abs) hand : pl. _y6dh-iin, -ee, ..... -ayyaa (y6dh-[pn II])_ .... Odeberg #y-d-y .... #:/h-w-d-y = _(h)awdii_ (v Aph) he thanked, praised with thanks ..... : (ap + pn) _mawdee-(@)naa_ I thank [you]; (Gal.) I confess, concede #y-d-9 .... _y6dha9_ (v I-y) he knew : impf _yiidh[e]a9/yidd[e]a9_ (Dalman ..... p. 309 vs. is.gd/jPdpmQ; Od. § 94. sub Kutscher = *_yaydha9_); inf ..... _miidh[e]a9/midd[e]a9_; Aph/Haph _awdh[e]a9, h~_ he demonstrated; he ..... informed, notified [sb: _l6-_]* : impf _yawdh[e]a9_; ap _mawdh-[e]a9, ..... ?-ii[a]9_ (Haph var. #m-h-w-d-9, Sok.); pass Ithpa _(h)ithwadda9_ : ..... impf _yithwadda9_ .... Aph/Haph, Stev. § 16.4; pass per Sok:Judean || ..... * cp. OTA _l6-hoodhaa9uuth-aakh_ to let thee know (Ezra 5:10) #y-h-b .... _y6hav_ (v I-y) he gave : impf _yii-, yay-hav, -hev_ (Dalman p. ..... 309 vs. Od. § 94. + Stev. § 26. sub Kutscher) = _yinten/yiththen_ [< ..... #n-t-n]; impt[1] _hav! yev!_, fsg _haviin!_; inf _mii-, may-hav,[1] ..... -hev_; pass Ithpe _ithy6hev_ : impf _yithy6hev_ ..... [1] Od. § 93.+ #y-h-w-d[-:]-y, -d-y-y .... _y6huudh-ay_ (adj/nm abs) Jewish, Jew : abs pl. ..... _-aayiin, -aa'iin_, det pl. _-aayee, -aa'ee (vs ?-áyya)_ (Od. § 261.) #y-w-m-: .... _yoomaa, yawmaa_ (nm det) day; _min yoomee dh-_ (prep) since, ..... ever since, going back to (Odeberg); _9iny6nee d6-yawmaa_ issues of ..... the day (Seppälä); adv (Gal.) _yawmaa-hayn, -dhe(y)n_ today (CAL) #y-w-t-r-n .... _yothraan_ (nm abs) advantage, gain, upper hand thing, ..... (Syr./Man.) excess .... Jastrow; CAL (with adj _yuthraanay_ "useful") #y-z-p .... #:/h-w-z-p = _awzef, h~_ (v Aph/Haph) he lended, borrowed (to: ..... _l-_) : impf _yawzef/y6hawzef_; impt mpl _awz6fuun!_; inf _(m)awzaaf- ..... aa/m6hawzaafaa_ (vs. BabAram-like _awzoof€€_[2]) .... Odeberg #y-T-b .... _y6Tav_ (v) he/it was good, pleasing [to: 9al*] : impf _yiiTav, ..... yiTTo(o)v_; Aph _ooT-, awT-ev, -iiv [= #:-w-T-y-b]_ he acted kindly, ..... did a thing well : ap _mooTev [oo/aw] = *mayTev_ [Od. §§ 99-100]; inf ..... _oo-/aw-Taavaa_ (Stev.) .... * < OTA (Ezra 7:18) || see also /#T-b/ #y-k-l .... _y6khel_ (v) he was able, he could : impf 1sg #:-y-k-w-l = ..... *_iikhol_ or _i/€kko(o)l_ (cf. Stev. § 26.); ap _yaakh-el, -ool_ ?= ..... *_yakkiil_ (+ind pn & m-inf/ap or vn) = can, is able to : #y-k-y-l ..... h-w-: m-y-m-w-r 'he can say' (Sok.), #y-k-y-l :-n-: k-t-b 'I can ..... write' (CAL); inf #m-y-k[-w]-l = _miikh-al, -ol_ or _mikk-al, -ol_; ..... _dii y6kheltaa l6-mighlay raazaa_ that thou were able to reveal the ..... secret (CAL) -- neg. present tense pattern #l-y-t (pn) y-k-y-l ..... (+l-/m-inf) = #l-: (pn) y-k-y-l (+ap/vn) (both in Sok. 2002) #y-l-d-:/h .... _yaldaa, yoldaa_ (nm det) birth .... Golomb #y-l-y-p, #:-l-y-p .... _y6liif, @liif_ (+ ap) [he was] accustomed, used to ..... [= Gal. _s.6miidh_ + ap/m-inf] .... Odeberg #y-s(-w)-d .... _y6soodh_ (nm abs) foundation, base, esp. a religious one : ..... _y6soodh Hawrii s6Tåår/sóT€r min deen/dáy[i]n (€)naash laa' yishk- ..... [é,ó]aH li-msaam (Gal. l€-m[is]soom)_ a man cannot lay another found- ..... ation aside from this one .... synonyms for 'foundation, base' (in ..... st. abs.) : _uush / oosh_ (m), _m6shattay / m[6h]usht-€€, -ai_ (m) #y-S-p .... _y6Saf_ (v) he worried (about: _l-_), he took care of sth/sb : ..... impf _yiiSof / y€SSo(o)f / yaySof_; inf _miiSof / m€SSo(o)f / maySof_ ..... (#3 = *_me[e]Saf_ if included in Od. § 93.) #y-S-r .... _y6Sar_ (v) he lusted after, he has desired (sexually) .... CAL #y-t-y-r .... _yattiir_ too much, exceedingly (Odeberg); (= _yu/yottaar_) ..... more, overmuch : cf. /#H-d/ #k .... _k6-_ (prep) like, as : cf. /#k-w-w-t/ .... Sok:Judean (p. 84) #k-b-r .... _k6vaar_ (adv) already .... Odeberg #k-b-sh .... to conquer (Pa = Pe); ap _kaavesh_ [is] conquering, *conqueror ..... [= _kaavoosh_] #k-d .... _ka(a)dh, kidh_ (conj) when, as (archaic #k-d-y) ..... (cp. Jastrow p. 1083: _kadh d6-'@naa_ +ap 'when/as I was -ing' with ..... Golomb p. 210: _wa-hwaa khadh s6ma9 9avdaa_ 'and when the s-t heard') #k-d n-f[-y]-q b .... *_kadh [rather: k6-dh6-/kidh-?] n6fiiq/naafeq b-_ ..... (prep) similar to .... Sokoloff, Jastrow; = _d6-dhaamee/-yidhmee_ (sg ..... m); *_b6-dhimmuuy/-dhikhm-aa/+pn k6waath_ #k-d-w-n .... _kadduun_ (adv) now (= _9adh kadduun_, Sok.) : _min/m€n k._ ..... after this, *from now on (Odeberg) ..... cf. /#b-d-y-n/; /#h-sh-t-:/ #k-w-w-h/: .... _kawwaa (det *kaww6thaa)_ (nf abs) window : abs pl. ..... _kawwiin_ : cf. /#H-r-k-:/ #k-w[-w]-n .... 1. _k6waan d-_ (conj) as soon as (in past narrative); 2. ..... verbal : #:-y[-t]-k-w-w-n = _ithkawwen, *exxawwen_ (v Ithpa) he ..... intended, aimed to do st, he was being deliberate (Sok. 1990, Jas.) #k-w-w-t .... _k6waath, di-khwaath_ 1. (prep) like, as, just like (cf. ..... /#k/); 2. (adv) likewise (Sok:Judean, #k-w-t) : _k6waath deen_ (+abs ..... noun) this kind of (Sok. 1990) || cp. #/d-k-w-w-t/; /#k-m-y-n/ #k-w-l-b .... _kól€v/kuulaav (det kolbaa/kuulaavaa)_ (nm abs) axe .... ..... CAL; Odeberg (voc. #1); Jastrow (voc. #2) #k(-w)-l-:/h .... _kollaa_ (pn) everything, all = #k-l-m-d(-9)-m = _kol- ..... m€ddaa9am_ .... Od. (§ 381.); CAL ('pausa' voc. of #m-d-9-m < Jas.) #k-w-r-y-s .... _kooriis/khooriis_ (prep) except for (< Gr. xôris) .... ..... Sok. 2002/JPA #k-H-d-: .... _kaHdhaa_, *_k€Hdhaa, k€Hdaa_ (adv) together : see /#H-d/ ..... Riggs (chr., Ps. 2) = Rosenthal 1967 (OTA); Golomb #k-y-w[-w]-n .... _ke(e)waan ~ kaywaan_ (adj abs) proper, true, straight, ..... straightforward, honest : qq. = /#k-w[-w]-n/ .... Jastrow #k-y-T-w-n .... _kiiToon_ (nm abs) room, chamber (< Gr. koitóon) .... Sok. #k[-y]-n .... _ken_ (adv) thus, so : in #b-k-y-n = _b6-khen_ (conj) then ..... (Cook 2008); appears also in the compound conj. 'therefore, so': ..... Targ. _b6gh-iin/-ayn ken, 9al ken_, Gal. #[w-]l-p-m k-n (Kutscher ..... 1976), Qumr. _badh ken_, Samaritan #m-k-n [*_mikken_] #k-l .... _kål_ (ptcl) every; [with pn suff & by def n] the entire X (Od.) ..... : _kål Hadh w6-Hadh_ every single one (Od.), Gal. _kål haan d6-_ ..... wherever, _m€n kål @thar_ in any event (CAL) #k-l[-w]-q-b-l .... _k6låqbel_ opposite, across from, facing; against ..... (Gal; #k-l q-b-l in CAL) .... Sokoloff; Kutscher (voc.; would also ..... result from *k6-l6waath-q6vel?) #k-m-:/h .... _k6maa dh-_ (conj) as, the way that .... Odeberg (§ 408.) #k-m-y-n .... _k6miin_ (prep) like, as (also indicates the essive) .... ..... Sok. 2002/JPA; CAL ['Gal. dial.'] || cp. /#k-w-w-t/ #k-m-n .... _k6maan_ (interr/adv) how many? (Gal.) #k-n-y-sh-:/h .... _k6niish-aa (det -taa)_ (nf abs) gathering, assembly, ..... synagogue .... Sok. 2002/JPA; CAL #k-n-sh-w .... _kannaashuu, ?k€nshuu (det -thaa)_ (nf abs) assembling, act ..... of ~ [the proper verbal noun of #k-n-sh] #k-s-p .... _k€s€f (det kaspaa)_ (nm abs) silver, money, "cash" : det pl. ..... _kasfayyaa_ .... Sok. 2002/JPA gives abs _k6sef_ #k-s[-y]-p-t-:/h .... _kaasaftaa/kasp6thaa, k6seftaa_ (nf det) money-chest #k-r-w-z .... _kaarooz_ (nm abs) herald, proclaimer .... Cook 2008 (&al.) #k-r-z .... _k6raz_ (v) he announced, proclaimed, made public = Aph ..... #:-k-r-y-z = _akhrez_ .... Jastrow #k-r-y-s .... _kaariis/khaariis_ (nm/f abs) kindness (Gal., < Gr. xáris) ..... CAL (Syriac syn. nf _bassiimuu(thaa)_ is used in Galateans 5:22 in ..... the Peshitta) #k-t-b .... _k6thav_ (v) he wrote, 3pl _kathvuun/k6thávuu(n)_, _kithveth_ I ..... wrote : impf 3sg _yikhtov, l(6y)ikhtov_; ap _kaathev/f. kåthvaa [det. ..... kaathevtaa]_ (abs pl _kåthv-iin/-aan_); inf _mikhto(o)v_; impt (Gal) ..... m. _k6thov_, fsg. _kothviin = k6thóvii_, pl. _kothvuun = k6thóvuu_; ..... pass Ithpe _ithk6thev, *exx6thev_ it has been written : impf _yith- ..... k6thev_; inf _mithk6thaavaa/ithk6thoov€€_ #l-:-p-y .... _l6-app-ee/-ay_ (prep) towards, in the face of .... syn. to ..... Gal. _l6fanT-/lappanT-ii, ?-ay_ (< Gr. apantée), Qum./Syr. _l6-'ura9_ #l-b-b-:/h .... _livbaa/l€vvaa (abs l6vav)_ (nm det) heart : _9al/l6 livb- ..... aa dhiil-ii (Gal. dhiidh-íi)_ in my opinion, according to me #l-H-sh .... _l6Hash_ (v) he whispered : impf _yilHash_; inf _milHash_ #l-y-l-y .... _leelee, *laylee (det leelyaa, ?laylaayaa)_ (nm abs) night : ..... pl. _leelaa-waan, -waath, -waathaa_ .... Odeberg; Sokoloff #l-m-:/h .... _l6maa, lammaa_ (int) why? : cf. /#g-l-l/ #l-9-:/h .... _l69aa_ (v III-weak) he studied : impf _yil9ee, y€l9ee_; inf ..... _mil9ee, m€l9ee_; impt *_l69ii! (pl. *l69oo[n]!)_ (per Stev. & Od.) #l-p-n-T-y .... *_l6-('a)fanTii, lappanTii_ (prep) towards (< Gr. apantée) ..... (Sok.) = native _l(6')appee_, _l6-mip-p6nay_, Gal. #l-y-y-d [+pn II] #l-q-w .... _laaquu (det -thaa)_ (nf abs) punishment; being beaten #l-sh-n-:, #l-y-sh-n-: .... _lishshaanaa (abs lishshaan)_ (nm det) tongue, ..... language : _H@Taa v6-lishshaan-eh_ he slandered #l-t-:/*h .... _laathaa_ (nf abs) associate, fellowship, company; 2) that ..... which clings to a person, fate or luck (< #l-w-t) .... Jastrow; CAL #m-:/h .... _maa_ (int) what? (also a particle for forming questions) : ..... _maa dh-_ whatever [it is that]; _maa im, maa'im_ what if, suppose ..... that (Cook 2008: 'perhaps, suppose'); #m-h h-w-y+n-: (+m-inf) was I ..... supposed to..? (Sok. 2002/JPA) #m-:-n, (char. OJ) #m-n .... _man_ (int pn) who? : _X l6-man?_ who has X? #m-b-w-9 .... _mabbooa9_ (nm abs) spring, source .... Sokoloff #m-g-d .... _maggadh, m€ggadh_ (nm abs) duration, length (< #n-g-d) .... ..... Sok. (CAL: Gal.) : cp. _m€'mar_ (< #:-m-r) and BA _manda9_ (< #y-d-9) #m-g-n .... _maggaan_ (adv) for free; without a wage; (Qumr.) for no reason .... CAL; Odeberg (§ 302.) #m-d-l-:, #m-y-d-l-: .... _midhlaa (abs m6dhal, mídhal)_ (nm det) property ..... Odeberg § 14 (Jastrow gives the abs as _m6dhil_!) #m-h-l[-y]-k .... _mahlakh, mahlekh, ?mahliikh_ (nm abs) journey, distance #m-w-r-y[-y]-n .... _mo(o)ryaan_ (nm abs) teacher (Gal.), authorized ..... Halakhic scholar .... CAL; Jastrow (voc.) #m-z-w-n .... _maazoon, m€€zoon_ (nm abs) food : abs pl. _m6zooniin_ #m-z-y-q .... _mazziiq (det -aa)_ (nm abs) worker of damage, demon .... ..... Sokoloff; Jastrow #m-z-p-w .... _mizpuu (det -thaa)_ (nf abs) loan (< #y-z-p) .... Jastrow; ..... syn. with nf det _y6zu(u)ftaa, y6zi(i)ftaa_ (p. 572); Gal. Aram. ..... _z6phuuthaa (abs z6phuu) [l- 'of']_ (CAL Database) #m-H-z-y .... _maHzii (det -thaa)_ (nf abs) mirror : det pl. _maHz6yaathaa_ #m-H-r .... _m6Ha(a)r_ (adv) tomorrow (Dalman gives Gal. _li-mHar_) : ..... _maHraa dhi-mHar_ the day after tomorrow (Odeberg) #m-T-w-l .... _m6Tool / miT-Tool / miT-Tuul d-_ (conj) because, since #m[-y]-d-9-m .... _middáa9am_ (pn eq) anything, something (= Syr. _meddem_) ..... : _niHmee iin n6sheenan middáa9am!_ let's see whether we've forgotten ..... anything! (Od § 506.) #m-y-y-n .... _mayyiin (det mayyaa)_ (nm abs) water .... apparently a pl. ..... tantum noun, as abs. is followed by pl. adj _saggii'iin_ in a Targum ..... (see CAL entry); however in Od. § 278. one finds abs _máyin_ / cstr ..... _mee(mee)_ / det _mayyaa_ (+1sg may[y], +3sg moohii, +3pl meeho[o]n) #m[-y]-k-s-:/h .... _mikhs-aa (det -6thaa)_ (nf abs) counting; amount, ..... quantity; toll, tax #m-y-sh-r .... _meeshar, mayshar_ (nm abs) plain, valley (= _meeshaaraa_, ..... nf abs) #m-k-y-w-n .... _mikke(e)waan d-_ (conj) since, because .... Odeberg; cp. ..... /#h-w-:-y-l/; /#H-l-p/ #m-l[-l] .... to speak : #m-l-y-l = _mallel_ (v Pa) he spoke; _-nan_ we ..... spoke : impf 3sg _y6mallel_; _millaa (det mill6thaa)_ (nf abs) word, ..... [piece of] news; thing, affair; something : has masc. pl. endings #m-l[-y]-p-n .... _mall6phaan_ (nm abs) teacher (Gal.) = _malleph_ #m-m-w-n-:/h .... _mammoonaa, maamoonaa_ (nm det) money [which has been ..... accumulated] .... Sok. 2002/JPA; CAL #m-n .... 1. _min, m€n (minn-, m€nn-[pn I])_ (prep) from, out of; than : ..... (as conj) _min_ + ap or pp = 'when/while -ing...' (Kutscher; also ..... #m-y = *_miC C-, assimilation?); 2. see /#m-:-n/ #m-n-h-g-: .... _minhaaghaa_ (nm det) custom, way, manner, conduct : _k6maa ..... dh6-huu minhaaghaa_ as it is the custom (Odeberg) #m-n-y-n ..... _mi/m€nyaan_ (nm abs) number, amount; quorum .... Ezra 6:17 #m-s-r .... _m6sar_ (v) he betrayed, informed against, handed (surrendered) ..... sth/sb over; he passed sth on .... Sok. 2002/JPA; Jastrow; CAL (w/ nm ..... abs _maasoor_ 'betrayer') -- Syr. syn. _ashlem_ (Aph) in Luke 22:48 #m-s-t .... _missath, k6~_ (adv) enough (+ noun) : indep form _mist6yaa_; ..... _k6-missath l(i)-_ enough for, an equivalent to (glossed "according ..... to" in Fassberg § 6./p. 295) .... (ao.) Odeberg (with the example ..... _missath meekhal_ enough food [lit. 'enough to eat'], § 385.) #m-9-r-t-: .... _m69a(a)r-thaa, -taa_ (nf det) cave .... Odeberg #m-p-t[-y]-H .... *_maphte(a)H (det mapht6Haa)_ (nm abs) key .... CAL; Jas. #m-r-w-t-: .... _maaruuthaa (abs maaruu)_ (nf det) dominion, control #m-sh-w-m .... _mish-, m€sh-shawm (-shuum[1]) d-_ (conj) because (Gal.) ..... CAL: https://is.gd/r02FpJ || [1] cp. Seppälä, Hb-Fi Dictionary (1981) #m-sh-t-y-t-: .... _mishtiithaa_ (nf det) feast, banquet .... Golomb; cf. ..... Jastrow p. 859 #m-t-n-y[-y]-n .... _mathn6yaan_ (nm abs) teacher (of Mishnah) (Gal.) .... ..... CAL; Jastrow (voc.) #n-h[-w]-r .... _n6ho[o]r (det n6hooraa/nåhraa)_ (nm abs) light, bright- ..... ness; eyesight : _noohr-eh, nåhr-eh_ his ~ .... Odeberg; Jastrow #n-h-r .... 1. _n6har (det nahraa)_ (nm abs) river, stream, canal; 2. to ..... shine, be bright; 3. (cause to) remember : _n6hiir att kadh..?_ do ..... you remember when..? (Sokoloff; also with Aph/Pa in Jastrow, p. 882); ..... _n6hiir/naaher-(a)naa khadh h@waa X +impf_ I remember when X used ..... to... (CAL) #n-w-m-t-: .... _numtaa_ (nf det) slumber, [state of] sleep .... Jastrow #n-w-sh-q-t-: = #n-sh-y-q-t-: .... _noshq6thaa; n6shi(i)qtaa_ (nf det) ..... kiss (*a single kiss) [< #n-sh-q-] .... Jastrow #n-T[-y]-r .... _n6Tar, n6Ter_ (v) he guarded, observed, kept watch (over ..... st) : _niTreth_ I guarded (= OTA:Rosenthal); impt _Ter!_ (Jastrow) #n-T-r-: .... _nåTr-aa_ (nm det) a guard : abs pl. _-iin_ .... Jastrow #n-k-z-r-y .... _nakhz6r-ay (det -aayaa)_ (adj abs) cruel = _akhz6ray_ ..... (CAL), Syr. _paarekh_ .... cspd to abstract nf det _nikhz6raayuuthaa_ ..... and _akhzaaruuthaa_ (Syr. _paarkhuuthaa, Harm[aan]uuthaa_) 'cruelty' #n-k-r .... _n6khar_ (v) he recognized (= Aph, prim?) : pp _n6khiir_ qq. = ..... recognizable; Ithpe _ithn6khar_ he was recognized = _innakkar_ (Jas.) #n-s, *n-y-s .... _nes (det nissaa)_ (nm/f abs) miracle, sign .... CAL; Od. ..... (§ 252, unglossed); note sim. written _niis, -aa_ = "colony, island" #n-s-b .... _n6sav_ (v I-n) he took (has taken), has grasped; he accepted, ..... took forth : impf _yissav_ (Od.), Gal. _y€sso(o)v_; impt msg. _sav!_ ..... (Sok.) #n-S-w-H, *#n-y-S-w-H .... _niSSuu[a]H, n€SSuu[a]H_ (nm abs) victory [= ..... _ni/n€SHaan_] .... CAL Database #n-S-w-H-: .... _naaSooHaa_ [oo/uu] (nm det) victor, winner #n-sh-: .... #:-t-n-sh-y, #:-y-n-sh-y = _inn6sh-ii, -ee_ (v Ithpe) he ..... forgot, has forgotten (Od. § 150; impt _-ii!_, pl. _-oo[n]!_) : impf ..... _yinn6shee_; inf _minn6shaayaa_ [cp. nf _ithn6shaa'aa_ forgetfulness, ..... Jas. p. 133] .... Jastrow: inn6shee = Pe n6shaa = Aph anshii [impf ..... *yanshee, inf *manshaayaa per Od. § 155.] #n-t-n .... _n6then, n6than_ (v) he gave, has given : impf _yinten / y€ss- ..... on_*; inf _minten / m€sson_* .... synonymous verbs _y6hav [#y-h-b]; ..... z6v-edh/-adh [#z-b-d]_ || * cp. Gal. _issaa_ 'woman' (< iththaa < in- ..... taa); Od. § 75. offers the reconstructed impf _yitten_ & inf _mittan_ #s-b-r .... _s6var_ (v) he was of the opinion, he "thought" : _s6varuuneh ..... d6-huu ghannaav_ they thought he was a thief (Od.); _mistavraa dh-_ ..... it seems that... #s-g-y, #s-g-y-n .... _saggii_ (adj) much; _saggiin, s€ggiin_ (adv) very; ..... [so] much; (+ abs pl) many : mpl. _saggii'iin_ many [people]; _k6saf/ ..... k€s€f saggiin_ a lot of silver .... Sokoloff; Odeberg (alt. _suggiin_ ..... 'much', § 385.) || antonym /#q-l-y[-n]/ #s-g-n .... _s6ghan, *s€gh€n (det sighnaa)_ (nm abs) grandee, chief, ..... prefect, viceroy (< Akk. shaknu) : det pl. _sighnayyaa_ #s-g-r .... shut, close, esp. with lock or seal : Pe = Aph .... Qumr. syn. ..... #:-T[-y]-m (with adj. _aTTiim_) = would-be Gal. *#9/:-T[-y]-m, vs. ..... _r6qaf_ [#rqp] = 'he shut (a gate)' #s-w-l-m .... _sullaam/suulaam [?oo/aw]_ (nm abs) ladder, staircase #s[-y]-d-w-r .... _sidduur_ (nm abs) arrangement, order .... Golomb (with ..... yod in Sokoloff) #s[-y]-T-r-:/h .... _siTraa, s€Traa (abs s6Tar)_ (nm det) side : _siTraa ..... yammiinaa_ the right side (and not the left) (Od. § 370.) #s-y[-y]-9-t-: .... _sayya9taa, siyya9taa_ (nf det) help, assistance, ..... support; confirmation [of an argument] .... Jastrow; Seppälä (1981); ..... glossed by Sokoloff as 'company, band' #s-l-p .... _s6laf_ (v) he distorted, perverted : pass Ithpe _ist6l-ef/iif_ #s-m-y-k .... _s6miikh l-_ (prep) near, close to .... Golomb; voc. per ..... Jastrow & Sokoloff #s-m-q .... _s6meq_ (v) it was red (ap fsg det _saamqaa_); often used ..... interchangeably with #s-m-y-q [actually Pe´iil?] = _sammeq_ (v Pa) ..... he reddened; _sammuuq, simmuuq_ (adj abs) red (Rosenthal 1967: ..... _simmooq_!) #s-m-r .... #:-s-t/T-m-r = _istammar_ (v Ithpa) he took heed, was careful ..... in CAL also Ithpe *_iths6mer/ist6mer_ (same meaning, + _min_ 'of') #s-p-y-q-:/h .... _sappiiqaa, s6feqaa, *sefayqaa, ?s6fiiqaa_ (nm det) ..... opportunity, chance, possibility [Syr. _sappiiq_ 'able'] : _iith s. ..... vi-y6dh-[pn suff]_ be able to #s-r-b-l .... _sarb-aal (det -aalaa, -6laa)_ (nm abs) cloak; trousers (< ..... Pers. *salava:ra, [Jastrow:] sarávara) #s-r-y-9 .... _s6rii(a)9_ (pp) deformed (Samaritan word) ... CAL Database #9-b-d .... _9@vadh_ (v) he made, did : impf _y€9[€]vedh, ya9vedh*_; impt ..... _9@vadh! 9@vedh!_ (Odeberg); inf _ma9vo(o)dh_ (Kutscher 1976 p. 29) = ..... _ma9vadh_ (Stev. § 23.3.); Ithpe _ith-9@vedh_ he was made, it was ..... done; he became, it happened : impf _yith-, lith-_; _9oovaadhaa, ..... 9uvdaa, 9€vdaa_ (nf) labour, work, job (Golomb: abs pl. _9uvdiin_ ..... 'deeds') .... * Stev. § 23.2. vs Gal. -odh #9-b[-y]-r-t-: .... _9@ver-taa, -thaa_ [e/i] (nf det) [single] sin #9-b-r .... #l-d-9-b-r = *_l6-dhi-9vár_ (adv) in the past .... CAL Datab. #9-d .... _9adh_ (prep) while; _9adh d-_ (conj) while, whilst; until; _9ad ..... d6-laa:_ (conj) before [= _qódham (9adh laa:)_]; _9adh z6man, 9adh ..... z6man d-_ (conj) until (+ impf) #9-d-y-p .... _9@dhiif_ (pp/adj abs) preferable, 'better' .... CAL Datab. #9-d-r-:/h .... _9adhraa, 9€dhraa (abs 9€dh€r/9@dhar/9aadh€r)_ (nm det) ..... flock, herd : abs pl. _9a/9odhriin_ .... CAL; Jastrow, "Dictionary" ..... p. 1046 [syn. nm _geethaa, gaythaa (abs gáyith)_] #9-w-d .... _9o[o]dh_ (adv) still : _haa-9odh iith l6khon..?_ do ye still ..... have..? .... Sok:Judean; Gal. _9odh 9@dháyin, @dháyin_ (Odeberg) #9-y-d-n-: .... _9iddaanaa_ (nm det) [period of] time : _b6-9iddan_ +n = ..... when/once it is time for...; (Sok) #9-d-n d- (conj) when [not an ext. ..... variant of _9adh d-_?]; note also OTA _b6-9iddaanaa dhii-_ as soon as #9-y-T-: .... _9eeTaa, 9ayTaa_ (nf abs) counsel, advice .... Jastrow; = OTA #9[-y]-l-w[-w]-y .... _9illaawee (9illaaw-[pn II])_ (prep) above, over, on ..... (top of); about, of : Gal. _96var 9illaaweh_ he passed by him (3sg m. ..... suff I; CAL) .... Odeberg; Sokoloff; Jastrow p. 1070 ['above, over' = ..... #(l-)9-y-l m-n] #9-l .... _9al_ (prep) upon, (laying) on; of, about : _9al d(i)-_ because ..... (Fassberg 1984 p. 295); _9al dii k6-dhayn, 9al dii-khdhen_ on such a ..... matter, regarding that which is so (Sok:Judean) #9-l-m .... _9aalam (det *9aalmaa)_ (nm abs) world, universe : _l6-9aalam_ ..... (adv) forever (Sokoloff) #9-m .... _9im (9imm-[pn I])_ (prep) with; at, during .... Odeberg #9-n-y .... _96nee (det 9anyaa)_ (adj abs) poor, miserable, afflicted #9-s-y-q .... _9@siiq/9assiiq_ (adj abs) busy, concerned (with: b6-) .... ..... https://is.gd/mCYD8V #9-q-y-m .... *_9@qiim_ (adj/pp abs) bent, crooked, twisted .... Sokoloff #9-q-r-b-: .... _9aqrabb-aa_ (nm det) scorpion : abs pl. _-iin_ #9-q-t-: .... _9aaqthaa_ (nf det) trouble, distress : _b6-shaa9ath ~_ (phr) ..... in the hour of trouble .... Odeberg [Jastrow: abs pl. _9aaqaan_, det ..... pl. _9aaqaathaa_] #9-r .... _9aar (det -aa)_ (nm abs) enemy, foe, adversary .... CAL; Jastrow #9-r-l-h .... _9aarl-aa (det -6thaa)_ (nf abs) foreskin .... Sok. 2002/JPA #9-r-s-: .... _9arsaa (abs 9@res)_ (nm det) bed : _9al 9arsaa_ on a/the bed ..... OTA syn. nm _mishk6vaa (abs mishka[a]v)_ in Ezra 7:15 #9-r-9-y-t-:/h .... _9ar9iithaa_ (nf det) accident, chance, coincidence #9-t-d, #9-t-y-d .... see /#:-y-T[-y]-m-w-s/ #9-t-r .... _9@thar_ (v) he was rich; #9-t-y-r = _9atter_ (Pa) he made sb ..... rich; pass Ithpa #:-y/t-9-t-r .... Sok. 2002/JPA; Jastrow #p-w-m-: .... _puumaa, *pummaa_ (nm det) mouth : _k6-fuum [*d-]_ (prep) ..... according to [= Gal. #9/*:-l p-m] .... Knudsen 1981; Jastrow (Syriac ..... puum-aa; cf. OTA abs _pum_); Od. § 252 would favour the geminate voc. #p-w-n-y-y .... _puuna(a)y_ (nm abs) toilet .... Sokoloff #p-w-sh .... see /#p-sh/ #p-w-sh-r-n .... _poshraan (det -aa)_ (nm abs) interpretation, solution #p-H-t .... #p-H-y-t = _p6Hiith_ (pp) broken; Ithpe _ithp6Hath, *eff6Hath_ ..... it has broken, is broken (= Jastrow; cf. spelling of #:-y-p-s-y-q ..... 'id.' < #p-s-q) .... see also /#r-9-9/, /#t-b-r/ #p-T-T .... #p-T-y-T = _paTTeT_ (v Pa) he was talkative, he has chattered #p-y/:-r-: .... _peeraa_ (nm det) fruit : abs pl. _peeriin_ .... Odeberg #p-y-t-r-:/h .... _pithraa_ (abs p6thar) (nm det) explanation, solution, ..... interpretation .... Sokoloff; Jastrow (voc. of abs); CAL (Gal.) #p-k-s-m-y-n .... _pakhs6miin, *p6khasmiin_ (nm abs pl.) biscuits, cookies ..... (< Gr. paxamãs) .... Jastrow #p[-y]-l-w-g .... _pilluugh, p€lluugh_ (nm abs) division, distribution ..... cp. CAL (is.gd/PgfLSC); voc. #2 in Sok. 2002/JPA; this word being ..... the verbal action noun of Pa _pallegh_ from #p-l-g #p-l-g .... _p6lagh, *p€l€gh (det palgaa)_ (nm abs) half, part (also a ..... stand-in for reciprocal pn) : _9al palg6hon p6lagh_ on each other; ..... _palgoon min p6lagh_ from one another #p-q[-y]-d .... _paqqedh_ (v Pa) he commanded, ordered : ap _m6faqqedh_; ..... inf _m6faqqaadhaa, paqqaadhuu_[2]; pass _(h)ithpaqqedh; ithp6qiidh ..... [coll. assim. *eff6qiidh, -th?]_ .... Odeberg; Jastrow (passives per ..... Sok:Judean -- see also /#p-H-t/) #p-r-H-t-:/h .... _pa(a)rH@thaa, paaraHtaa_ (nf det) bird (< #p-r-H) .... ..... syn. #S[-y]-p-r-:/h = _Sipp6raa_ (nm det), Gal. #p-sh-w-sh (nm abs) #p-r-y-T-y-n .... _p6riiTiin_ (abs pl) coins, small change, money (Gal.) : ..... _bi-friiTiin_ with/for money; for cash (Odeberg) #p-r-q .... _p6raq_ (v perf) he separated [sth], he removed; he untied, ..... delivered, saved : impf _yifraq, y€froq_; pass Ithpe _ithp6rii[a]q, ..... *eff6rii[a]q_; nm det _pirquunaa_ redemption [Syr., 'small garment'] #p-r-t .... *_pírath, p€r€th (det partaa)_ (nm abs) excrement, stool #p-sh .... _paash_ (v II-weak) he remained, stayed; remained left : impf ..... _y6fuush_; nm abs _poosh (det pawshaa)_ (act of) remaining, staying ..... present [syn. #q-w-y (Pa) in Qumran Aramaic; see also /#q-w-w-9-d/] #p-sh-r .... _p6shar_ (v) he paid, has paid (Gal.) : impf _y€fshor_; inf ..... _m€fshor_ (/o/ even before /r/ in Gal. : see Kutscher, "Studies") #p-t-g-m .... _pithgaam (det -aa)_ (nm abs) matter [at hand], event, ..... affair; decree (< Pers. *pati-ga:ma) : _in/€n t€9v€d lii pithgaamaa ..... haadhe[y]n_ if you do this thing for me (Gen. 30:31, Targum Neofiti) #p-t-w-r .... _paath-uur ~ -awr_ (nm abs) table (< Akk.) .... Golomb; CAL #p-t-H .... _p6thaH_ (v) he opened, has opened : optative impf _li(i)ftaH_ ..... (Jastrow); ap _paath[?e]aH_; inf *_miftaH_; Ithpe _ithp6thaH, *eff- ..... 6thaH_ he/it has opened (up) [in Gal. and Sam. /-H/, /-9/ > /-:/ ?] #p-t-r .... _p6thar_ (v perf) he interpreted, explained (Gal.) : observe ..... _l6-mipht6r-inn-eh l6-.._ (Od. § 431.) where the object attached to ..... the infinitive (via the energic suffix) is taken by Odeberg to ..... represent the person to whom the other object (following the prep. ..... _l6-_) is to be explained #S-b-H-d .... _SivHadh_ (adv) a little, a bit : cf. /#q-l-y[-l]/ .... ..... Odeberg; Rosenthal 1967 [Gal. #S-b-9-d, #S-y-b-9-t = *_Siv'/9a(a)th ..... [i/€]_ (Kutscher 1976)] #S-d .... _Sadh_ (nm abs) side (Gal.) : pl. #S-d-d- = _Sidd-iin, -ee, ..... -ayyaa_ (CAL; Odeberg: dhdh for dd) #S-d-q-w .... _Sidhquu (det -thaa)_ (nf abs) righteousness, justice #S-h-y-w .... _Sahyuu (det -thaa)_ (nf abs) thirst .... Sokoloff #S[-y]-p-w-n-:/h .... _Sippuunaa, Sappuunaa_ (nm det) north #S-l-:/y .... *_Sallii_ he prayed (v Pa; _9al_ for) : impf *_y6Sallee_; ..... impt _Sallii!_, f. *_Sallay!_, pl. _Salloo[n]!_; inf _[m6]Sallaayaa_; ..... _S6loothaa (abs S6loo)_ (nf det) prayer : det pl. _Silwaathaa_ (Od.), ..... _Salwaathaa_ (Stev.) #S-l-b .... to hang, crucify; (Jastrow qq.) impale : /#S-l[-y]-b/ = _S6lav, ..... S6lev_ (v) he crucified : pass Ithpe _iST6l-ev, -iiv_ = Ithpa ..... _iSTallav, *h-_ (inf *_miSTall-aavaa, -aavuu_) he has been hanged ..... from a tree, he has been crucified #S-p-r-: #1 .... _Safraa (abs S6far, *S€f€r)_ (nm det) morning #S-p-r-: #2 .... _Sipp6raa (abs Sippar)_ (nm det) bird : abs pl. ..... _Sipp6riin_ .... Odeberg; Jastrow (where also det #S-p-w-r-:) #S-r-y-k .... _S6riikh_ (+ inf, stimes ap) must, need to; Ithpe _iST6riikh ..... l-_ he needed st : part. _miST6riikh_ .... Odeberg; Jastrow; cf. ..... Samaritan Aram. q-b-w-9 h-y-' S-r-y-k 'she needs a talisman' in ..... Kutscher p. 30 #q-b-l .... #q-b-y-l = _qabbel_ (v Pa) he accepted; pp _m6qabbal_; nf abs ..... _m6qabb6laanuu_ acceptance = (pass) _mithqabb6laanuu_ = _n6siivuu_ ..... (< #n-s-b) #q-d-H-y .... *_qadhHii, qadHii_ (det -thaa) (nf abs) fever (Sokoloff) = ..... _qadhHuu_ (Jastrow; alt. det _qaddaHtaa_) #q-d-m .... #q[-w]-d-m = _qådhaam (qamm-, qumm-[pn II])_ (prep) before, in ..... front of (Kutscher: "The preposition is written mostly /plene/: ..... q-w-d-m") = _qådhaam m€n_ (Caruso) = #9-l q-d-m (Samaritan) .... in ..... Sok., #q-w-d-m is also the conjunction 'before' = #q-w-d-m 9-d l-: ..... = _min/m€n q(å)dhaam_ (https://is.gd/z8RkcJ) = _9ad-d6-laa_ (Gal.) #q-w-w-9-d .... #:[-y-t]-q-w-w-9-d = _ithqaw9adh, iqqaw9adh_ (v Ithpalpal ..... or Ithpoal) he stayed, remained, (became) settled swh : impf 3pl ..... _yithqaw9@dhuun_ .... Jastrow (p. 1325) : for syn. roots see /#p-sh/ #q-l-y[-l] .... _qalliil, qallii_ (adv) a little, a bit, somewhat (Od.) : ..... _qalliil-iin/-aan min_ (+pl) a few of, some of (Caruso); _qallii ..... m6laH/*m€l€H_ some salt (Od. § 385.) .... antonym /#s-g-y, -n/; cf. ..... /#S-b-H-d/ #q-m [< #q-w-m] .... _qaam_ (v II-weak) he got up, rose : impf (msg)[1] ..... _y6quum_; impt _qu(u)m!_ (Od. § 115.); inf Gal. _m6-/may-/m€€-qoom_ ..... = (formal) _m6qaam_ (Stev. § 32.); Pa _qayyem_, Ithpa _ithqayyam_ ..... (Od. § 107.); Aph _@qiim / ooqem = awqem / eeqem = ayqem_ (Od. § ..... 108.); *q-m-q[-y]-m = _qamqem_ (v Palp) he fulfilled; he maintained ..... (Sam.) : nm *_qimquum_ .... [1] in Od. § 114 one finds also ..... *_yiqqu(u)m_ [cp. inf vocalisations in § 116.] #q-n-h/: .... _q6naa_ (v III-weak) he acquired : impf _yiqnee, y€qnee_; ..... inf _miqnee, m€qnee_ .... = #m-T-h/: (often impers, with _l-_) #q-n-y-n-:/h .... _qinyaanaa, q€nyaanaa_ (nm det) property, possessions #q-S-: .... _qiSSaa (abs qeS, qaS)_ (nm det) end; (fig.) death .... CAL: ..... Gal., Qumranic #q-r-: .... _q6raa_ = #q-r-y (#2) = *_q6rii_ (v III-weak) he called, has ..... named; he has read : 3pl _q6r-oo(n), -uu(n)_; inf _miqree, m€qray_; ..... Ithpe _ithq6rii, eqq6rii_ (#2, #-:-y-q-r-y) it was called : impf ..... _yithq6ree_; ap *_mithq-6ree_, abs pl. *_-6ráyin_ (f *_-aryaan_) #q-r-b .... *_qarrev_ (v Pa) he offered (in Syr., 'he brought near') : ap ..... abs pl. _m6qarr6viin_; inf _[m6]qarraavaa, qarraavuu_[2] .... Golomb #q-r-w-sh-: = #q-w-r-sh-: .... _q6ruushaa, qorshaa_ (nm det) frost, cold ..... syn. _g6liidhaa_ in Qumran & Judaea (CAL) #q-r-y, #q-r-y/w-: .... _q6ree (det quryaa)_ (nm abs), apparently syn. of ..... _qiryaa, qirwaa (det qartaa)_ (nf abs) city, town : a pl. paradigm ..... _qirwiin, qirwee, qirwayyaa_ is given for both words by Odeberg (cf. ..... Stev. § 11.6.) #q-sh-y .... _q6shee_ (adj abs) hard, tough; difficult (det masc. ..... _qashyaa_ = Jas. p. 1430) #r-b .... _rav (det rabbaa)_ (adj abs) large, great, numerous; #r-b-r-b = ..... _ravrev_ (v Palp) he was great [vs. 'made sth. great' in Jastrow (p. ..... 1446) where intr. sense is carried by _ithravrev_] #r-g-w-z .... _r6gho[o]z (det rooghzaa)_ (nm abs) anger, wrath, vexation ..... Sokoloff; Jastrow #r-g-y-sh-t-: .... _r6ghi(i)shtaa, ?r6gheshtaa_ (nf det) feeling, sense ..... (< #r-g-sh; Aph > *_argaashuuthaa_ = state of feeling?) .... cntr. ..... nm (abs) _m6muush/*maamuush_ touch, feeling; nf _Hiishuuthaa_ sense, ..... sensation; Syr. nm _zuHHaaf-aa_ emotion & nf (*)_r6ghiishuuthaa_ ..... awareness #r-g-9 .... _*rígh[e]a9, *r€gh€9 (det righ9aa)_ (nm abs) moment .... Sok. ..... [det #r-y-g-9-:] : on voc. of status absolutus cf. Odeberg § 243 &c. #r-w-z .... _r6waz_ (v) he was glad, has rejoiced : impf *_yirwaz, y€rwoz_ #r-H-y-m .... _r6Hiim_ (pp/adj abs) lovable, beloved .... Jastrow; CAL #r-H-m-: .... _råHmaa (abs raaHem)_ (nm det) friend, close friend : (+ pn ..... II = pl.) _råHm-ó(o)hii_ his friends; abs pl. #r-H-m-y-n = _råHmiin_ ..... looks identical to pl of abstraction meaning 'mercy' (OTA _raHmiin_) #r-H-m-t-: .... _raHm-6thaa (abs -aa)_ (nf det) love .... Golomb; Jastrow ..... (= _r6Hiim-taa/-thaa_, p. 1466) #r-y-b-w-t-: .... _reevuuthaa ~ raybuuthaa_ (nf det) youth, childhood, ..... early life (< #r-b-y) .... Jastrow; syn. _yalduuthaa_ (Sok. 2002, ..... "birthplace"), (Bab. & Mand.) _yanquuthaa_ #r-y-H-h/: .... _riiHaa (abs riiH)_ (nm det) smell, odour .... Golomb #r-k-w-b-: .... _r6kh-uuvaa (det -uvtaa_)_ (nf abs) knee : abs pl. _-iin_ ..... Jastrow, for CAL's Gal. _ark-ubbaa_ (det _-ubb6thaa_ or _-uvtaa_) #r-k-y-k .... _rakkiikh, raakhekh_ (adj abs) soft .... Sok. : psbl. syn-s ..... _r69iidh [#r9d], m69addan [#9dn], r6miis/rammiis, paH(H)iiH [#pHH]_ #r-m .... _raam (det -aa)_ (adj abs) high, exalted : det pl. _raamayyaa_; ..... (from v stem #r-w-m, #r-y-m >) #:-r-y-m = *_@reem, @riim_ (Aph) he ..... raised, has uplifted; he removed (nf=inf _aaraamuu/@raamuu_ in Jas.) ..... : impt [2sg masc.] = perf 3sg masc. (by analogy with _@thaa_ & ..... I-weak, first syll. may drop; cf. Syriac) #r-m-:-y .... _ramm-ay (det -aa'aa, -aayaa)_ (nm abs) deceiver, impostor, ..... trickster, slacker .... Jastrow (p. 1481) #r-m-w-t-: .... _raamuuthaa_ (nf det) haughtiness, pride #r-m-y .... _rammii_ (v Pa III-weak) he deceived : object (person) & ..... field/matter both given with _b6-_ .... Sok:Judean (corresponding nf ..... _rammaayuu_ "deceit" : Sok. 2002/JPA; CAL) -- Pe´al (#-y/-:) of same ..... root means "to throw, cast" (Ithpe #:-y-t-r-m-y "to be thrown; ..... [Galilean] happen to be [sth sw], occur") #r-m-y[-y]-t-:/h .... *_ramy6thaa/rammaythaa (abs *ramyaa/rammaayaa)_ (nf ..... det) woman of deceit (Gal.) .... CAL; cp. Jastrow (1926) p. 1482 #r-9-w, #r-9[-w]-t-: .... _re6uu (det r69uuthaa)_ (nf abs) will, desire : ..... _bi-r9uuth nafsheh_ of his own [free] w.; _tith9@vedh r69uuth-aakh_ ..... may your w. be done (< Sok.) .... Sok:Judean (spellings); Jastrow ..... (voc. & phr.): note related #m-r-9-y[-t-:] = a singular desire, wish #r-9-y, #r-9-: .... *_r69ii, r69aa_ (v III-weak) he desired, wanted [= ..... Ithpe _ithr69ii/ee_]; he has reconciled [probably from same root is ..... also Syr. adv. _r69yaanaa'iith_ 'willingly'] .... syn. with #S-b-: #r-9-9 .... _r69a9_ (v) he shattered, broke (= Pa) : pp/Pe´iil _r69iia9_ ..... [it is] shattered (Jas. p. 1488) .... see also /#p-H-t/, /#t-b-r/ #r-q-d .... #r-q-y-d = _raqqedh_ (v Pa) he danced, has danced (intr; 3 sg ..... fem *_raqq6dhath_); inf _[m6]raqq6dhaa, raqqaadhuu_[2] #r-sh-w .... _r6shuu (det -thaa)_ (nf abs) power, authority; permission, ..... license : #b-r-sh-w = *_bi-rshuu_ with permission .... Sokoloff #r-sh-9 .... _r6sha9_ (v) he was evil, wicked, he has done violence = Aph; ..... adj #r-sh-9-y = *_rish9a(a)y_ 'evil' attested in Mandaic (CAL) #sh-:-r .... to be left over, remain. Ithpa _ishtayyar_ (Od. § 84; cf. Jas. ..... p. 1509) : p abs _mishtayyar_ remaining .... see also /#sh-y[-y]-w-r/ #sh-b-q .... _sh6vaq_ (v) he abandoned, left behind; he allowed; (+ l-) he ..... forgave, pardoned : impf _yishboq, y€shboq_; _laa thishb6q-innon d-_ ..... do not allow them [to]..! (Odeberg) #sh-h-y .... _sh6hii ~ sh6haa_ (v III-weak) he stood still, tarried, ..... remained in place [Jastrow: var. _sh6waa_] : impf _yish'hee, y€sh'h- ..... ee_; inf _mish'hee, m€sh'hee_; (*Pa/Aph *_ash'hii_) he delayed st #sh-H-w-d .... *_sh6Ho[o]dh (det shuHdaa)_ (nm abs) bribe .... Golomb; ..... Sokoloff (det; = Syr.) #sh-y-d-n .... _she(e)dhaan ~ shaydaan_ (adj abs) demonic .... Sokoloff #sh-y[-y]-w-r .... _shiyyuur_ (det -aa) (nm cstr) remainder, remnant, rest ..... [of] (= _sh6'aar, -aa_ [Knudsen; Jastrow p. 1509]) .... var. with +y ..... (Sokoloff) = abs *_-ee_? #sh[-y]-k-l-w-l .... _shikhluul_ (nm abs) form, semblance (Sokoloff); ..... completion, perfection, beauty; foundation (Jastrow) #sh-y-z-y-b .... _sheezev, shayzev_ (v Shaph) he rescued (Gen. 37:21) : ..... impf 1sg _@/(€)sheez-ev, -ov_ (Neofiti: #:-sh-y-z-b); ap _m6sheez-ev_ ..... (OTA _-iv_); impt +1sg _sheez6vénii_ save me!; inf _[m6]sheezaavaa_ ..... (prefixless in Riggs § 14.2., prefixed in Golomb; cp. note [2] below) ..... nb: Gal. dialect allegedly preferred /ay/ to /ee/ non-finally [Kut.] #sh[-y]-p-9-:/h .... _shif9aa/sh€f9aa (abs *shífa9/&c)_ (nm det) overflow, ..... overmeasure, (Gal.) abundance .... CAL; Jastrow #sh[-y]-r-w .... _sheruu (det -thaa)_ (nf abs) beginning = nm abs #sh-r-w-y ..... ~ nf #sh-r-y-w[-th] = _shaaraayuu[th-]_ 1st thing (voc. <— Jastrow) #sh-l-H .... _sh6laH_ (v) he sent, has dispatched : inf *_mishlaH, -éaH_; ..... (upon impf 1pl) _nishl6Hinn-eh!_ let us send him/it! [f object, -ah] #sh-m, #sh-w-m .... _shom (det sh6maa)_ (nm abs) name; reputation : abs pl. ..... _sh6maahaan_ (Stev. § 8.12., Sok. 2002/JPA), cstr pl. _sh6maahaath_ ..... (Sok:Judean); _min sh6mii_ in my name (Sok. 2002/JPA) #sh-m-9 .... to hear, listen : _sh6ma9_ (v) he heard (= impt masc. 2 sg); ..... _sham9eth_ I heard; _mishm69aa (abs mishma9[1])_ (nm det) hearing/to ..... hear .... [1] Kutscher gives inf vocalized as _mishme9_ [actually, ..... with an a-glide similar to Modern Hebrew?] #sh-m-sh-: .... _shimshaa_ (n det) the sun; _miTm69ee [i/a] ~_ sunset #sh-9-t-: .... _shaa9-(6)thaa (abs -aa)_ (nf det) hour; time : pl. ..... _shaa9-iin, -ee, -ayyaa_; _b6-shaa9thaa haadhaa_ at this time/hour #sh-r-y .... 1. _shårii_ (v Pa III-weak) he began, started (+ ap/pf 'to do ..... st') : fsg _shåriyyath, shåryath_, 3pl _shår-oon, -uun_ [CAL entry: ..... http://bit.do/aramaic-shry-verb]; 2. _sh6ree_ (pp/Pe´iil) [it is] ..... permitted (< _sh6raa, sh6rii_ it was permitted) #sh-r-y-k .... *_sh6riikh, sharriikh, shaarekh_ (adj abs) warm .... Sok; = ..... #sh-r-y-b #sh-t-y .... see /#[:-]sh-t-y/ #t-b-r .... to break : _t6var_ (v) he broke, has smashed (= Pa _tabbar_); ..... he refuted; #t-b-y-r = *_t6viir_ (pp/Pe´iil) [it is] broken (Gal. nf ..... _t6viiruu_ breaking, infractio); pass Ithpe _itt6var/*ethth6var_ ~ ..... Ithpa _ittabbar_ .... Sok:Judean; syn. #sh-r-m (Syr.); #p-k-r 'break ..... open, split'; #b-S-9 (Pe & Pa) to crack, break (bread etc.) -- see ..... /#p-H-t/, /#r-9-9/ #t-w-n-y-: .... _tonyaa/tawnaayaa/tunnaayaa_ (nm det) tale, narrated ..... account .... Jastrow; = Syr. _tenyaa (abs t6nee)_; as gen. idea, nf ..... _tanyuuthaa_ "repetition" #t-H-m-d-: .... desirability, delight (Golomb) [probably = #t-w-H-m-d-: = ..... _tooHm-aadhaa (det -adtaa)_ (nm abs) 'desire, delight' (Sokoloff)] #t-H-m-w-d-: .... _taHmuudhaa_ (nm det) desire, lust .... Jastrow #t-H-t .... below, under; _t6Hooth (t6Hooth-, tuHt-[pn II])_ (prep) under; ..... instead of, in place of; _taHtaa_ (adv) below [a common assimilation: ..... /Ht/ > /tt/ (Gal. via */:t/)] #t-k-r-y-k-y-n .... _takhriikhiin_ (nm abs pl.) shroud, grave-clothes #t-l-: [:-y-l-n] .... _t6laa, t6laa iilaan_ (nm) squirrel .... CAL; Jastrow ..... (voc.); Jastrow's vowels recall type _y6dhaa_ (st. det!) -- unless in ..... st. cstr _t6laa_ we have a variant of Masc Noun type #H-d-h / #T-l-y ..... (vs. #b-n-h / #:-s-y, and #m-l-k / #p-l-' -- this last inflectional ..... category would give abs pl. *_t6laa'iin, tal'iin_) #t-m-y-m .... _t6miim, tammiim_ (adj abs) perfect, unblemished; sincere, ..... honest, upright .... latter voc. in CAL #t-m-n .... _tammaan_ (adv) there, -in (Dalman: all dialects) : cf. /#h-l/ #t-n-:/y .... _t6naa_ (v III-weak) he repeated, narrated, taught : impf ..... _yithnee_; impt _t6nii_ (Stev.), fsg _t6nai_ (Stev. & Od.); pp _t6nee ..... (det/f tanyaa)_, pp abs pl. masc. _t6náyin_; inf _mithnee, m€thnee_ #t-n-h/: .... *_t6naa, t6na[n]_ (adv) here : cf. /#[h-]k-:/ .... ..... Fitzmyer&Harrington #t-n-n .... _t6nan/*t€n€n, t€nnaan (det tan6naa, t€nnaanaa)_ (nm abs) smoke ..... Sok:Judean; CAL (voc. #2); cp. Syr. _tu(u)nnaan-aa_ fumigation #t-9-:, #t-9-y .... _t69aa, t69€€_ (v III-weak) he lost his way, went ..... astray, got lost : impf *_yith9ee, y€th9ee_; Aph #:-t-9-y = _ath9-ii/ ..... -ee_ he led astray .... Jastrow; the more common root has /T/ instead ..... of /t, *th/ #t-q-y-p .... _taqqiif / *t6qiif (det -aa)_ (adj abs) strong .... Golomb #t-q-l .... 1. = #t-q-y-l = _t6qel_ (v) he weighed; 2. _t6qel (det taqlaa)_ ..... (nm abs) shekel #t-q-p-:, #t-w-q-p-: .... _tuqfaa, toqfaa_ (nm det) strength : abs sg. ..... #t-q[-w]-p (cp. OTA _t6qof_) .... synonyms (status abs) : #:-sh-w-n ..... (Gal.), #H-s-n (Qum.), #9-z-h/*:, #k-w-H (Sam.), _H@liiSuu, m69ashn- ..... uu_ (Syr.) #t-r-y-y .... _t6ray, taryay_ (num abs) two (Gal.) : standalone form in ..... _t6ráyin minho(o)n_ two of (from among) them; _l6-thrayho(o)n_ to ..... both of them (Sok. 2002/JPA) = _l6-tharweeho(o)n_ (Odeberg) .... CAL ..... cp. Jastrow p. 1698); related to nf abs #t-r-y-y-h "Monday" (the 2nd ..... weekday) #t-r-9 .... _tar9aa (abs t6ra9)_ (nm det) gate, gateway, door #t-sh-m-y-sh .... _tashmiish (det -aa)_ (nm abs) use, handling, implement; ..... marital connection, i.e. sexual behaviour : _~ di-9res_ intercourse ..... (= nf det _tashmi(i)shtaa_) .... Sokoloff; Jastrow #t-sh-sh .... #t-w-sh-sh = _tawshesh_ [Gal. aw = al. oo] (v Po) he weakened ..... (tr) : inf _m6thawsh-aashaa/-oosh€€_ .... CAL; Jastrow #t-t-:-:/h .... _tatt-aa'aa ~ *tutt-aayaa_ (adj/nm det) lower, nethermost ..... [one] : abs pl. _-aa'iin_ .... < #t-H-t; cp. abs #t-H-t-y-y, Sokoloff - Notes [1] = Syriac emph (c. state) _gavraa_ - cf. the variation _ramshaa_ / ..... _rumshaa_ for 'evening', Odeberg § 301. (b). [2] see Sokoloff (ed.): Arameans, Aramaic and Aramaic Literary Tradition ..... (1983), ubi Naveh, Joseph: "The lack of the _lamed_ [prefixed to ..... the infinitive] and the initial _mem_ in the pa99el infinitive is ..... characteristic of Galilean Aramaic." Also compare the Babylonian ..... Aramaic forms _katto-ve, -vaa_ (Pa), _akhto-ve, -vaa_ (Aph), etc. ..... given in Odeberg 1939 (= Stevenson § 20.), and Lambdin's "An ..... Introduction to the Aramaic of Targum Onqelos", p. 36. - APPENDIX I Infinitives of the Strong Verb (Odeberg, Stevenson [§ 20.] sub Kutscher) - Peal --- mikhtá(a)v (Gal. m€khtó(o)v) Pael --- m6khattaavaa / kattoov€€ / kattaavuuth- [1] (H)aphel --- m(6h)akhtaavaa / (h)akhtoov€€ / (h)akhtaavuuth- [2] Ithpeel --- mithk6thaavaa / ithk6thoov€€ / ithk6thaavuuth- Ithpaal --- mithkattaavaa / ithkattoov€€ / ithkattaavuuth- Ittaphal --- mittakhtaavaa / [*ittakhtoov€€] / ittakhtaavuuth- Poel --- m6rooqaanaa (Gal. (m6)rawqåånaa / (m6)rawqoon€€ [3]) (etc.) [1] cp. Thackston: "Syriac" L20 [2] see note 5 on page 36 (§ 12.) of Riggs: "Chaldee" (1832) & compare ..... the verbal noun forms for III-weak root at https://is.gd/6Y6nLH [3] also in light of *_:àlaah-_ > _:€looh-, :€loo:-_ in said dialect - APPENDIX II Verbal Stems with Suffixed Object [For expression of pronominal object in Aramaic, see Stev. § 4.4.] - (a) PERFECT -- Od. §§ 170-174; Stev. §§ 36-37; Dalman pp. 408-9 ..... 3sg m : Pe sh6vaq > shavq-ii (= Syr.); shavq6-khon [sh6laH-innuun] ................... III-i. H@maa > H@maa-th-, Hamy-ii ........ (PTM, Od.) ................... III-i. H@zaa > H@zaa-'aakh, -'eh, -(n)nuun (OJ) ............. Pa shabbeq > shabb6q-ii, -eh; shabbeq-khon, -hon (Od. & D) ............. Aph id. ................... III-i. aHzii > aHzi-nnuun ................ (OJ) ..... [Riggs § 16: "Before _-khon_ the original [Qal] form remains."] ..... 2sg m : Pe sh6vaqt-ánii; -inn-eh (Gal., Od. & D); -áahii (OJ, Dalman) ............. Pa paqqedt-aa-nii (Dalman : https://is.gd/AtHnx2); ............... kattevt-inn-eh (Gal.); kattevt-áahii (OJ) ..... 2sg f : Pe *k6thavt-eh or *-íin-eh (Gal.); k6thavt-íihii (OJ) ..... 1sg c : Pe sh6vaqt-eh (etc.) ........................... (Gal. = OJ) ................... III-i. H@meeth-eh (etc.) ................. (PTM) ............. Pa kattevt-eh .................................. (Gal. = OJ) ............. Aph ashkaHt-eh ..... 3pl m : Pe kathvuun-eh, k6thavuun-eh (Gal.); kathvuu-hii (OJ) ............... (shavqunn-eh, shavquuth-eh) .................. (Od. § 174) ............. Pa katt6vuun-eh (Gal.); katt6vuu-hii (OJ) ..... 2pl m : Pe k6thavtuun-eh (Gal.); k6thavtúu-hii (OJ) ............. Pa kattevtuun-eh (Gal.); kattevtúu-hii (OJ) ..... 1pl c : Pe k6thavnaath-eh (Gal.); k6thavnáa-hii (OJ) ... (Od. § 174) ............. Pa kattevnaath-eh (Gal.); kattevnáa-hii (OJ) ... (") - (b) IMPERFECT -- Od. § 175; Stev. § 36.8. ..... 3sg : Pe yishboq > yishb6q-inn-ii (etc.) ................. I-n. yinten, tt > yitt6n-inn- ........... Aph yardef > yard6f-inn-ánii, -eh; -6khon, -uun .. (OJ) ..... 3pl : Pe yird6fuun > yird6fuun-ii, -eh; -6khon, -innuun (PTM -on) - (c) IMPERATIVE -- Od. § 176; Stev. § 36.9. ..... 2sg m : Pe sh6vaq (k6thov) > shivq-ii, -eh; -on (kuthv-ii, etc.) ............. Pe r6dhof > r6dhof-nii, -hii; -innuun .......... (OJ) ............. Pa shabbeq (kattev) > shabb6q-ii (etc.) ............. Aph id. ............. Aph ardef > ardef-nii, -hii; -innuun ........... (OJ) - (d) INFINITIVE -- Od. §§ 177, 181, 187; Stev. § 29 ..... Pe mishboq > mishb6q-inn-ii (etc.), 'mishbooq-inn-' [rare] ........... mikht6v-ii (etc.) ................................ (OJ, Dalman) ........... III-i. miHmee > miHmee-n-ii (etc.), miHmoo-n- .... (PTM, Od.) ........... III-i. miHzee > miHz-a', -óhi, [but] -ah ......... (OJ) ..... Pa m6shabbaaqaa > m6shabbaaq6th-ii (etc.); m6shabbaaqath-khon ........ (+)qaTTaaluu, -thaa > qaTTaaluuth- .................. (OJ, Dalman) ........... III-i. (inf in st abs) > m6thannaath-ii (etc.) ........... III-i. m6thannaayaa > m6thannaay6th- ..... Aph markaavaa > markaav6th-ii (etc.) ........ (+)aqTaaluu, -thaa > aqTaaluuth- - APPENDIX III Syntax - (a) Questions _maa @naa Taav min saavii?_ (= *_haa @naa..._) ..... 'Am I better than my ancestor?' - (b) Expressing Necessity (Sokoloff) _leeth att S6riikh laa9ee Tuuvaan._ ..... 'You [sg.] don't have to work anymore.' _S6riikh meez6linnah z6man tinyaanuuth._ ..... 'It is necessary [for the person talked about] to do it again.' _S6riikhiin meeHoosh._ ..... 'We/They must be careful.' [cp. Jas. p. 772 (441, 512) & Gal. ..... #m-H-w-sh (CAL)] - (c) Conditional Sentences (Odeberg; e.g. § 545.) _maa rabbii meekhol d6-laa m6thaqq6naa?_ ..... 'Would a rabbi eat something untithed?' _illuu @khalt, haawee-naa qaaTel laakh._ ..... 'If you had eaten, I would have killed thee.' _illuu-lee [-l€€?] dhi-qraa tharn6ghoolaa, haawee-naa qaaTel laakh._ ..... 'If the cock had not crowed, I would have killed thee.' _illuu h@waa v-iimaamaa, haawee-nan Haamayin maa qummeenan._ ..... 'If it was daylight, we would see what is in front of us.' _in aamar laakh . . . laa th6haymen._ ..... 'If sb says to you (= a likelihood) . . . don't believe [it].' _in yeemar l6khon . . . maa attuun 9aav6dhiin?_ ..... 'If he should say to ye . . . what would ye do?' _maa haawee-naa meemor l6khon?_ = _maa @naa l6-meemor l6khon?_ ..... 'What am I to say to ye?' (What should I say to you [pl]?) - (d) Reported Action (Indirect Statements) _aam6riin ashk6Huun Hadh._ ..... 'They say they have found one.' _saav6raa dh6-hii Haaz6raa._ ..... 'She thinks she will return.' _sh6ma9nan qaaleh d6-saaf6raa aamar, layth huu haakhaa._ ..... 'We heard the scribe's voice say, "He is not here".' - Concerning the Dialects "In JUDAEAN [the dialect of Jerusalem and Judaea], _aw_ always > _o:_ and ..... _ay_ > _e:_, the plur. suffix for "his" is _-ó:y_ and the suffix ..... _-í:_, "my", had received the stress, while the other old unaccented ..... long final vowels had disappeared. The accusative particle _ya:th_ ..... is common." - Beyer 1986 (tsl. by Healey), pp. 38-39 "In contrasts with Judaean, Samaritan and East Jordanian, [in GALILEAN] ..... _aw_ and _ay_ are maintained in open syllables, [and] the ..... afformatives of the perfect and imperative : _-u:, [3 pl f] -a:, [2 ..... sg f] -i:_ had been replaced by the corresponding endings of the ..... pronoun [i.e., by _-u:n, -a:n/-ä:n_ and _-i:n_, respectively]. [...] ..... The gutturals are articulated weakly. The suffix _-í:_, "my", is ..... accented. The plur. suffix for "his" is _-ó:y_; the separate ..... possessive pronoun is always _di:dh-_ (for _di:l-_). Also the ..... replacement of the 1st sing. imperfect preformative by the 1st plur. ..... form might go back to Jesus' time."[1] - Beyer 1986 (tsl. by Healey), ..... p. 39 ........... [1] cf. Stev. § 18.12. "As the SAMARIAN-influenced pronunciation of the Hebrew Qumran text shows ..... (from 2nd cent. B.C.), already before the time of Christ _h H 9_ had ..... become _'_ [Aleph]; otherwise _aw_ always became _oo_ and _ay_ > _ee_, ..... and between vowels _y_ > _'_; the plur. suffix for "his" is _-oo_ and ..... the 2nd fem. sing. imperfect has amalgamated with the masculine." ..... - Beyer 1986 (tsl. by Healey), p. 39 "In Samaritan, this form [_qaaTool_, nomen agentis] actually displaced the ..... [active] participle. [...] sh-r-y n-h-w-g = he began acting" ..... - Kutscher 1976, p. 30 [cp. Stev. § 21.3.] - Additional Noteworthy Stuff "One - the other [the reciprocal pronoun] : _deen - l6dheen_, _illeen - l6'illeen_, _(ä)naash - l6Havreh_, _haadhaa - H@vartah_ etc." (Odeberg § 25.) "A sense of optative or subjunctive mood adheres to the forms with initial _l-_ in (the third person of) the imperfect." (Odeberg § 38. [also in Ithpe´el & Ithpa´al: §§ 50, 52]; cp. Stev. § 18.6.) "The participle sometimes takes perfect endings: _kaathev-t_ ('thou art writing') instead of _kaathev-at[t]_ _kaath6v-eth_ ('I am writing') for _kaathev-(@)naa_ _kaath6v-uun_ ('they are writing') for _kaath6v-innuun_" (Odeberg § 47. [6]) "The verb YHB (_y6hav_, 'to give') has, besides regular forms, throughout Pe9al also forms with the /middle/ radical elided [i.e., just as in Syriac]." (Odeberg § 89. [c] - Kutscher quotes also forms like _havuu_, etc.) "Even in the common speech of Palestine the distinction between the absolute and the emphatic states was maintained." (Kutscher 1976, p. 7) - Links Jewish Virtual Library - http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/aramaic Stevenson's Grammar - http://www.greeklatin.narod.ru/gram/index.htm -