ADVERBS
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aaf (oof) ................. "also, as well"
ifšaar (€fšaar) ........... "it is possible, one can" [neg. _layth ifšaar d6-(+impf)/l6-(+inf)_]
ithmaal (€thmaal) ......... "yesterday"
b6-'€ðraa9 ................ "forcibly"
b6-'akhH@ðaanuu ........... "simultaneously"
b6-'aSlaaHaa, -'aSlaaHuu .. "successfully"
bi-vTaaH; b6-'asfalyaa .... "safely, securely"
b6-va(a)r/-vaaraa ......... "outside, out of doors"
b6-goo baytaa/binyaanaa ... "indoors" [= _b6-gawwaa'iin_]
(Gal.) b6-gassaa .......... "(over)much, intemperately"
bað ken; 9al dikken/d6naa . "therefore, that is why"
b6-khål €th€r ............. "everywhere"
bi-l(6)-Hooð (-Hooth) ..... "only, just"
b6-så/sifnaan; b6-ma/mispan "respectfully" [verbal noun pattern /mV12a3/ in Gal. : is.gd/JRjhWH]
b6Siir / baSSiir (min) .... "less (than)"
b6-qaal(aa) ............... "aloud"
bi-šwee ................... "equally, evenly"
bi-thkhooph (bi-thkheph) .. "suddenly, all of a sudden" [#1 = Targum Neofiti form; #2 = Gal.]
dilmaa .................... "maybe, perhaps"
hookhaa; t6naa, -n ........ "here(at)" [the short variant _kaa_ is common with prepositions]
zimnaa H@ðaa .............. "once" (Fr. une fois)
zimniin ................... "sometimes"
Hað @thar; bi-flaan @thar . "somewhere"
k6vaar .................... "already" [Gal. _min k6vaar_ "previously"]
kadduu, -n; haštaa / håštaa "now"
ki-ðnaa; heekhðeen; haakhen "in this manner, like so" [#2 = _hee'_ (Dan. 2:43) + _k6_ + _deen_ ?]
k€-Hðaa ................... "together"
(k6)miss-aa, -ath, -6thaa . "enough, sufficiently" [CAL entry: is.gd/quaS8N]; Gal. qq. _dai_
k6-šaa9aa H@ðaa ........... "for a moment"
li-ð-9aaver / li-ð-9obbaar. "ago, in the past" [CAL entry: is.gd/11zftW]
l€-Hðaa [pro _l6-Hiddaa_] . "very"
l6-9ålmiin ................ "forever" [_laa l6-9ålmiin_ "never"]
l6-'afra(a)š .............. "for an indefinite time, indefinitely"
maggaan ................... "for free, without wage, for nothing"
m6Haar .................... "tomorrow"
min-qåðmath d6naa ......... "earlier, previously"
saggiin (soggiin) ......... "much, a lot" [follows the noun; can also act as comparative according
........................... ... to Dalman: _saggiin (min)_ "more (than)" = _yattiir (min)_]
9að k69an ................. "up till now"
9ooð (Qumr. 9að, b6-9að) .. "still; furthermore, even" [Odeberg : Gal. _(9ooð) 9@ðáyin_ "adhuc"]
SivHað (Siv9ath) .......... "a little, slightly"
qåðmaa (qommaa) ........... "at the front" (Ger. vorne, davor)
tammaan (t€mmaan; hoothaam) "there(at)" [/a/ > /€/ before /mm/ : is.gd/8idk7W > Phonology]
tinyaanuuth (aa > 6/*oo?¹). "again" [CAL entry: is.gd/E9e7ab || ¹ sim. in _@laah+ii_ > _€loohíi_]


PREPOSITIONS
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óHar [@Hoor- +pn II] ...... "behind" (Gal. _Hooree/Hawray_) [= _båthraa min(n-)_]
bi-zma(a)n; z6ma(a)n ...... "during" [= _b6-khutta(a)r_ (/u/ = Gal. /o/)]
(b6-)goo [gaww- +pn I] .... "at inside of, within" [_l6-goo_ "into", _min-goo_ "out of"]
b6-yað (-yath) ............ "by means of [= _9al yað_]; in possession of"
been [been-/bayn- +pn II] . "between; among"
b6laa ..................... "without, sans"
b6-9iddaanaa d6-/di- ...... "as soon as"
baaraa min ................ "except for, aside from"
baathar, båthr- [+pn I] ... "after, in wake of"
bi-glal, min bi-glal ...... "because of, due to"
diil-, (Gal.) diið- [+pn I] "of mine, of my very own (&c.)" [follows the noun]
heekh z6man ............... "(as) in the time of"
Hólaf [H@laaf- +pn II] .... "instead of, in place of" [Gal. qq. _b6-H€lluuf_]
yaath/yåth [+pn I]; l6- ... (accusative marker)
k6waath, di-khwaath [+pn I] "like, as, just like" [= _heekh_]
k6-lå-qvel (-qbel) ........ "against, versus" [CAL entry: is.gd/XmAqK3]
l6-'óraH, l6-'appee, ...... "toward(s)"
... l6-Se(e)ð, 9að Se(e)ð
l6waath [+pn I] ........... "in the presence of, at the place of; towards (sb's presence or person)"
li-/lå-qSa(a)th ........... "after, in" (temporal)
min [minn- +pn I] ......... "from; than" [not in _9im daar w6-ðaar_ "from generation to generation"]
min b6lee/b6lii ........... "due to lack of, in absence of"
min yawmee d6-/di- ........ "since, ever since"
(min) qåðmath ............. "before, ere" (with time-nouns, demonstrative pronouns)
9illaawee [9illaaw- +pn II] "on top of, upon; (Gal. qq.) by, beside" [alt. voc. _9€luui_ (w/o suff.)]
9al 9€s€q / 9eesaq ........ "concerning, regarding, on account of" [= _miSSað_ in Dan. 6:5]
9al pu(u)m (9al pom) ...... "according to" [= _min t6nee/tonnaay_]
9im (9€m) [9imm- +pn I] ... "with (comitative); about, to [an at-hand issue/item X]; at, during"
qóðam [qåðaam- (qomm-) +II] "in front of, before" (spatial) [= _b6-'appee_]
t6Hooth [t6Hooth- +pn II] . "under, beneath" [with suffixes also _tuHt- (Gal. tott-)_]


CONJUNCTIONS
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aw / oo ................... "or"
in (hin), ai / ee ......... "if, whether" [pre-labial variant _im_ || _in.. in.._ "be it.. or.."]
aaf 9al gav d6-/di- ....... "despite the fact that, even if"
@ruu,-m; b6gáyin/b6giin d6- "because" [= _min šuum d6-_ (CAL: is.gd/r02FpJ); _me-'óHar d6-; _9al d6-_]
b6ram ..................... "but, however"
kað (kath) / kið (kith) ... "when, as"
k6maa/k6moo d6-/di- ....... "just like" [= _heekh maa_]
9að d6-laa; qóðam (9að laa) "before, /antequam/" [#2: _qóðam_ vs. _q(å)ðáam_]
9að z6man d6-/di- ......... "until"
9al m6naath d6-/di- ....... "with the intention that, intending to" [+impf]


INTERJECTIONS
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@luu, @ruu ................ "lo, behold"
b6-vaa9uu ................. "please" (in requests)
wai ....................... "woe, alas"
yaSSiivaa ................. "indeed it is (so), for certain"


INTERROGATIVES
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eekh (heekh / haakh [Car.]) "how?"
aan (haan); heekhaa, -n ... "whereat?"
bi-glal maa; 9al maa ...... "why? what for?" [qq.v. Stevenson § 6.3. & Golomb, "Grammar" p. 58]
kammaa (k€mmaan) .......... "how many?"
maa; ma'i ................. "what?"
man ....................... "who?" [_d6-man_ "whose?"]
9að aymath / eemath ....... "(for) how long?"