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THE STRONG VERB IN GALILEAN ARAMAIC

A reconstruction upon Kutscher, Fassberg, Odeberg, Stevenson & Dalman


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PEAL — k6thav (< #ktb) [1pl -nan; 3pl k6thávûn ~ kathbûn], Ipf. yi/y€xtôv, Inf. mi/m€xtôv
.... 9@vadh (< #9bd) [1pl -nan; 3pl 9@vádhûn ~ 9avdûn], Ipf. ya/y€9bêdh, Inf. ma/m€9bêdh

PAEL — katt-êv [1pl -evnan, 3pl -6vûn], Ipf. y6xattêv, Inf. m6xattâv-â ~ kattôv-€€
.... nâH-êm (< #nHm¹) [1pl -emnan, 3pl -6mûn], Ipf. y6nâHêm, Inf. m6nâHâmâ (Fassberg '84 p. 264)

(H)APHEL² — (h)axt-êv [1pl -evnan, 3pl -6vûn], Ipf. y(6h)axtêv, Inf. m(6h)axtâv-â ~ (h)axtôv-€€
......... (h)ašk-(é)aH (< #škH) [3pl -6Hûn], Ipf. y(6h)ašk(é)aH, Inf. m(6h)aškâH-â ~ (h)aškôH-€€

ITHPE — ithk6th-€v/-îv [3pl ithk6thávûn], Ipf. yi/y€thk6th€v, Inf. mithk6thâv-â ~ ithk6thôv-€€
..... ist6m-€r/-îr (< #smr) [3pl ist6márûn], Ipf. yi/y€st6m€r, Inf. mist6mâr-â ~ ist6môr-€€
..... idd6H-€l/-îl (< #dHl) [3pl idd6Hálûn], Ipf. yi/y€dd6H€l, Inf. midd6Hâl-â ~ idd6Hôl-€€

ITHPA — ithkatt-av [1pl -avnan, 3pl -6vûn], Ipf. yi/y€thkattav, Inf. mithkattâv-â ~ ithkattôv-€€
..... izdåbban (< #zbn) [3pl izdåbb6nûn], Ipf. yi/y€zdåbban, Inf. mizdåbbân-â ~ izdåbbôn-€€
(pro PUAL — *Honn-an (< #Hnn) [3pl *-6nûn], Ipf. *y(å)/y6Honnan [Pa pp m6Honnan; cf. Od. § 51.])

ITTAPH — ittaxt-av [1pl -avnan, 3pl -6vûn], Ipf. yi/y€ttaxtav, Inf. mittaxtâv-â ~ *ittaxtôv-€€
(vs. (H)UPHAL³ — *(h)oxtav [3pl *(h)oxt6vûn], Ipf. *y(6h)oxtav)

POEL/PALPEL — råwq-ên [1pl -ennan, 3pl -6nûn], Ipf. y6råwqên, Inf. m6råwqân-â ~ *råwqôn-€€


For other persons of the Pf. and Ipf., see www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/aramaic#Galilean_Aramaic
(DERIVED STEMS: An Ithpe Pf. 1sg vocalised as _ithkathbêth_ is presented in both Marshall&Turner
and Odeberg; Fassberg 1984 includes the Ithpe Ipf. 3pl form _y€thman9ûn_ [< #mn9] on page 260).

For the Impt. forms, see e.g. archive.org/details/manualofaramaicl0000jtma/page/12 [Stem u > o!]

For forms of the Inf. with Pronominal Objects (e.g. Pe _mi/m€xt6vinn-êh, -ah, -ôn_), see
Fassberg 1984 pp. 243-244, Od. §§ 177., Stev. §§ 29.8., 29.9. (forms of the tenses and the
Imperative : Stev. pp. 90-91).

In addition to the phonetic development example of penultimate */a:/ known from Mark 15:34 (and
the Pf. 3sg _ittôqam_ in Stev. § 32.), it behoves one to examine the above Pael, (H)aphel and
Ithpeel infinitives also in the light of their cognates in the modern Western Aramaic of Ma9lûla
(Fassberg 1984, page 244) : _quttola_, _muqtola_ and _mitq6tola_, respectively.

In connection with transitive verbs, the Reflexive Object is expressable with 1sg _(l6+)garm-î /
nafš-î_, 2sg masc. _(l6+)garm-âx / nafš-âx_, etc.


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¹ Vowel lengthening instead of gemination for II-laryngeal (aka guttural) roots : Fassberg 1984
..... pp. 257, 264; Od. § 67.
² See e.g. Stev. § 16.4.
³ Considering e.g. the observation on page 14 in is.gd/PQvW8s and pages 372-373 in is.gd/MlRTtE.


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